hce_nthu
115年
化學與物理
第 46 題
A deuteron has the same charge as a proton ($q_d = q_p$), but twice the mass ($m_d = 2m_p$). Both particles move in circular paths in a plane perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field. The radius of the deuteron's circular path is twice that of the proton ($r_d = 2r_p$). Which of the following statements is correct?
- A The relation between their angular momentum $L_d/L_p$ is 2.
- B The relation between their acceleration is $a_d/a_p$ is 2.
- C The relation between their angular speed is $\omega_d/\omega_p = 2$.
- D The relation between their tangential speed is $v_d/v_p$ is 2.
- E The relation between their period of the circular motion is $T_d/T_p$ is 2.
思路引導 VIP
若我們暫時不知道答案,請試著思考:當一個帶電粒子在磁場中做圓周運動時,它的「繞行一圈所需的時間」會受到哪些本質屬性的影響?如果我們將向心力公式 $qvB = m\frac{v^2}{r}$ 與速度的定義 $v = \frac{2\pi r}{T}$ 結合,試著消去半徑 $r$ 與速度 $v$,你會發現這個「時間」與粒子的質量和電荷之間存在著什麼樣的比例關係呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精準選出選項 (E),代表你對於帶電粒子在磁場中運動的物理機制掌握得非常紮實。這題的核心在於理解磁力作為向心力的本質,並能靈活推導出描述圓周運動的各項物理參數。
磁場中的運動週期與動力學分析
根據勞侖茲力(Lorentz force)提供向心力的關係式 $qvB = \frac{mv^2}{r}$,我們可以整理出運動半徑 $r = \frac{mv}{qB}$。然而,本題最關鍵的觀念在於週期 $T$ 的推導:
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