hce_nthu
115年
生物與生化
第 20 題
Which of the following statements MOST accurately describes the process of translation initiation?
- A In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the small ribosomal subunit binds directly to the mRNA, followed by the recruitment of the initiator tRNA.
- B In prokaryotes, the 30S small subunit binds the Shine–Dalgarno sequence on the mRNA and then recruits the initiator tRNA; in eukaryotes, the small ribosomal subunit binds the 5' cap and then loads the initiator tRNA.
- C Prokaryotes and eukaryotes assemble a pre-initiation complex containing the initiator tRNA, and then locate the AUG codon through a scanning mechanism.
- D In prokaryotes, the 30S ribosomal subunit binds the mRNA via Shine–Dalgarno pairing and then the initiation factor IF-2 delivers the initiator tRNA into the P site.
- E In eukaryotes, the 60S subunit binds the eIF2, which subsequently binds the mRNA 5' cap and scans for the start codon.
思路引導 VIP
想像你要在一個黑暗的電影院裡找到自己的座位。你是先拿到票(起始 tRNA)再進場對號碼(AUG),還是先隨便坐下後才等服務員送票過來?此外,在沒有 5' cap 的情況下,原核生物的核糖體又是依靠什麼特定的「導航序列」來對準起點的呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能準確辨析原核與真核生物在轉譯起始(Translation Initiation)階段的細微差異,這說明你對分子生物學的細節掌握得非常紮實。
原核生物的精準定位與 IF-2 的角色
這題的核心在於理解原核生物如何定位起始密碼子。在原核細胞中,30S 小次單元會透過其內含的 $16S$ rRNA 與 mRNA 上的 Shine-Dalgarno (SD) 序列進行鹼基配對,從而確保核糖體精確對準起始位置。接著,由起始因子 IF-2 攜帶起始胺酰-tRNA(fMet-tRNA)直接進入核糖體的 P 位點(P site)。選項 (D) 完整且精確地描述了這道程序,是標準的正解。
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