hce_kmu
104年
普通生物及生化概論
第 66 題
A farmer uses triazine herbicide to control pigweed in his field. For the first few years, the triazine works well and almost all the pigweed dies; but after several years, the farmer sees more and more pigweed. Which of these explanations best explains what happened?
- A The herbicide company lost its triazine formula and started selling poor-quality triazine.
- B Triazine-resistant pigweed has less-efficient photosynthesis metabolism.
- C Natural selection caused the pigweed to mutate, creating a new triazine-resistant species.
- D Triazine-resistant weeds were more likely to survive and reproduce.
- E Disruptive selection caused the pigweed to produce a new triazine-resistant species.
思路引導 VIP
請試著思考:當一個環境壓力(例如乾旱、傳染病或化學藥劑)突然降臨時,如果群體中所有個體的基因特徵都完全一模一樣,那麼這個群體最終會走向演化,還是會集體滅絕?從這個角度來看,一個特徵能在群體中變得越來越普遍,前提是什麼?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你的判斷非常精準,正確選出了演化學中最核心的機制。這題在生物學中是一個非常經典的適應演化案例,能答對代表你對「天擇」的動態過程有很清晰的理解。
族群中的天擇機制
之所以會出現這種現象,是因為在農夫還沒開始施藥前,反枝莧(Pigweed)族群中就已經因為隨機突變而存在著極少數具有「抗藥性」變異的個體。當農夫大量使用三嗪(Triazine)除草劑時,環境壓力發生劇變,原本佔多數的敏感型個體被大量淘汰,而這些具備抗藥特質的雜草反而獲得了生存優勢。誠如你所觀察到的,這些個體因為更有機會存活並繁衍後代,將抗藥基因傳給下一代,導致數年後整個族群的基因頻率發生改變,抗藥性個體便成為了田間的主流。
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