hce_cmu
105年
英文
第 48 題
📖 題組：
Tens of millions of young people who enter the workforce each year could be the key that finally unlocks India’s vast potential. Millions will be lifted out of poverty if they are able to find good jobs. But unless India makes big improvements in how it educates and trains students, this demographic boom could instead saddle the country with another generation of unskilled workers destined to languish in low-paying jobs. The need to train workers up is paramount. Currently only 2% of India’s workers have received formal skills training, according to Ernst & Young. That compares with 68% in the U.K., 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea. It is a problem spreading across industries. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors estimates that in 2010, India needed nearly 4 million civil engineers, but only 509,000 professionals had the right skills for the jobs. By 2020, India will have only 778,000 civil engineers for 4.6 million slots. There is a similar gap among architects. India will have only 17% of the 427,000 professionals it needs in 2020. What caused the problem? The RICS found that India’s education and professional development system has not kept pace with economic growth and is in “dire need for reform.” In industry after industry, the same story is repeated. A recent survey by Aspiring Minds, which tracks workforce preparedness, found that more than 80% of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were “unemployable.” Critics say that India’s universities are too focused on rote memorization, leaving students without the critical thinking skills required to solve problems. Teachers are paid low salaries, leading to poor quality of instruction. When students are denied entry to prestigious state schools, they often turn to less rigorous private colleges. “When IT industries boomed in India a few years ago, many below-the-mark private colleges emerged to cater to their needs,” said Alakh N. Sharma, director at the Institute for Human Development. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is racing to provide workers with training. His government is recruiting skills instructors, and turning old schools into learning centers. Programs strewn across various government agencies are being consolidated. Companies in the private sector are pitching in to help provide training. The most pressing need, however, might be in primary education. Pupils in India are expected to perform two-digit subtraction by the age of seven, but only 50% are able to correctly count up to 100. Only 30% of the same students are able to read a text designed for fiveyear-olds, according to education foundation Pathram. If the country’s unique demographics are to pay dividends, improvement is a lesson to be learned quickly.
Tens of millions of young people who enter the workforce each year could be the key that finally unlocks India’s vast potential. Millions will be lifted out of poverty if they are able to find good jobs. But unless India makes big improvements in how it educates and trains students, this demographic boom could instead saddle the country with another generation of unskilled workers destined to languish in low-paying jobs. The need to train workers up is paramount. Currently only 2% of India’s workers have received formal skills training, according to Ernst & Young. That compares with 68% in the U.K., 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea. It is a problem spreading across industries. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors estimates that in 2010, India needed nearly 4 million civil engineers, but only 509,000 professionals had the right skills for the jobs. By 2020, India will have only 778,000 civil engineers for 4.6 million slots. There is a similar gap among architects. India will have only 17% of the 427,000 professionals it needs in 2020. What caused the problem? The RICS found that India’s education and professional development system has not kept pace with economic growth and is in “dire need for reform.” In industry after industry, the same story is repeated. A recent survey by Aspiring Minds, which tracks workforce preparedness, found that more than 80% of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were “unemployable.” Critics say that India’s universities are too focused on rote memorization, leaving students without the critical thinking skills required to solve problems. Teachers are paid low salaries, leading to poor quality of instruction. When students are denied entry to prestigious state schools, they often turn to less rigorous private colleges. “When IT industries boomed in India a few years ago, many below-the-mark private colleges emerged to cater to their needs,” said Alakh N. Sharma, director at the Institute for Human Development. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is racing to provide workers with training. His government is recruiting skills instructors, and turning old schools into learning centers. Programs strewn across various government agencies are being consolidated. Companies in the private sector are pitching in to help provide training. The most pressing need, however, might be in primary education. Pupils in India are expected to perform two-digit subtraction by the age of seven, but only 50% are able to correctly count up to 100. Only 30% of the same students are able to read a text designed for fiveyear-olds, according to education foundation Pathram. If the country’s unique demographics are to pay dividends, improvement is a lesson to be learned quickly.
Which of the following is NOT the factor that contributed to the problem that more than 80 % of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were “unemployable”?
- A Many of IT industries have already withdrawn from India.
- B The quality of education is poor since teachers are not paid well.
- C Many private colleges lower their standards in order to recruit more students.
- D College students are not encouraged to develop critical thinking skills.
- E A large amount of engineering graduates might not have adequate professional skills.
思路引導 VIP
請回頭閱讀文章第三段關於 IT 產業的部分：文中描述該產業在前幾年是處於什麼樣的狀態（用了哪個動詞）？這個狀態與選項 (A) 所描述的「撤出」趨勢是相同還是相反的呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你非常敏銳地察覺到選項中細微的資訊差異。選 (A) 是完全正確的判斷。根據文章第三段，Alakh N. Sharma 指出印度的 IT 產業在前幾年是經歷了「蓬勃發展」(boomed)，這才導致許多水準參差不齊的私立學院應運而生以滿足市場需求；文中完全沒有提到 IT 產業「撤出」(withdrawn) 印度。這是一個典型的「反向資訊」干擾項。
文本細節與因果辨析
這道題目的鑑別度在於測試學生是否能區分「文本事實」與「題目要求的負面因素」。選項 (B) 到 (E) 都在文中第三段有明確對應：包括老師薪資低導致教學品質不佳、私立學院門檻低、大學過於強調死背（rote memorization）而缺乏批判性思考，以及畢業生缺乏專業技能等，這些都是造成 80% 畢業生無法就業的原因。這題難度屬於中等 (Medium)，挑戰的是你對段落細節的掃描能力以及對單字（如 withdrawn vs. boomed）的精確理解。