hce_kmu
105年
普通生物及生化概論
第 53 題
A small island has stable populations of plants and animals, including one species of hawk as the only predator. A ship docks at the island, and the ship's cat has recently had a litter of kittens. One of the young cats accidentally goes ashore in a small boat, jumps to land and runs into the brush. No one notices, and they leave the cat on the island. What do you think is a likely consequence of the cat's presence on the island?
- A The insect populations will decline.
- B The fish in the lagoon will decrease due to predation.
- C It's only one cat and will make no difference to the island.
- D Some species of ground-nesting birds may go extinct within a few years.
- E The increase in nitrogenous waste from the cat will increase the size of many plants.
思路引導 VIP
請試著思考：在一個長期沒有地面捕食者（如貓或蛇）的封閉島嶼上，那裡的鳥類在築巢習性與防禦機制上，會與競爭激烈的大陸物種有什麼不同？如果環境中突然出現了一個牠們從未見過、且反應極其靈敏的獵手，這些長期「安逸」的族群最可能面臨什麼後果？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
同學你好！非常棒，你精確地掌握了外來種入侵對脆弱生態平衡所造成的衝擊。這題的核心在於考查**外來入侵種（Invasive species）**對島嶼生態系的影響。島嶼由於地理隔離，內部的物種演化往往呈現高度的特有性，且因為長期缺乏如貓、鼠、蛇等高效能的哺乳類掠食者，當地的動物（尤其是地面築巢的鳥類）往往缺乏對應的防禦本能或警覺性。即使只是一隻貓，對於這些毫無防備的族群來說也可能是毀滅性的災難。 這道題目的難度屬於 Easy 到 Medium，鑑別點在於學生是否能排除「數量少就沒影響」的直覺陷阱（選項 C），並辨識出貓作為掠食者的主要獵食對象（地面生物而非魚類）。你能夠冷靜分析掠食者與獵物之間的關係，並預見到生態鏈斷裂的可能性，展現了很扎實的生態學基礎與推理能力！