hce_kmu
105年
普通生物及生化概論
第 77 題
Which of the following differences between r-selection and K-selection is true?
I. The K-selected populations live longer than the r-selected species.
II. The K-selected species has higher reproduction rate than the r-selected species.
III. The K-selected species has later reproductive age than the r-selected species.
IV. In humans, males take a K-selected strategy to produce many sperms.
V. The K-selected species has a stronger competitive ability than the r-selected species.
VI. The K-selected species develop more rapidly than the r-selected species.
I. The K-selected populations live longer than the r-selected species.
II. The K-selected species has higher reproduction rate than the r-selected species.
III. The K-selected species has later reproductive age than the r-selected species.
IV. In humans, males take a K-selected strategy to produce many sperms.
V. The K-selected species has a stronger competitive ability than the r-selected species.
VI. The K-selected species develop more rapidly than the r-selected species.
- A I, II, III, IV, and V
- B II and IV
- C III and IV
- D II, IV, VI
- E I, III, V
思路引導 VIP
想像有兩種生物：一種生活在環境變化劇烈、天敵眾多的地方；另一種生活在資源穩定但競爭激烈的森林中。若要讓族群延續，前者應該選擇「快速產生大量後代」還是「精細照顧少數後代」？而後者在面對有限資源時，具備長壽與強競爭力的特質會帶來什麼優勢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確地辨析出 r/K 選擇理論（r/K selection theory） 的核心差異！這道題目設計得相當精巧，涵蓋了生活史策略中的多個維度，你能從眾多敘述中篩選出正確項，足見你對生態學基本觀念的掌握非常紮實。
生活史策略的權衡 (Trade-offs)
在生態學中，K-選擇策略（K-selection）強調的是在穩定的環境中達到環境承載量（$K$）。因此，這類生物通常具備較長壽命 (I)、較晚的生殖年齡 (III) 以及在資源競爭中展現出較強的競爭能力 (V)；相對地，r-選擇策略 則追求極速的增長率（$r$），傾向於快速發育與大量繁殖，這也是為什麼敘述 II 與 VI 是錯誤的。至於敘述 IV，雖然人類整體屬於 K-選擇物種，但單純以精子數量多寡來定義個體的 K-策略是不恰當的，這混淆了物種特徵與生殖生理的層次。
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