司法三等
105年
[司法事務官法律事務組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 44 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 44 題至第 47 題 Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals－and ultimately humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have hit it. That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth’s interior as its crust moves around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their analysis in Geology. Earth’s crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km, which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters are missing.
請依下文回答第 44 題至第 47 題 Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals－and ultimately humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have hit it. That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth’s interior as its crust moves around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their analysis in Geology. Earth’s crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km, which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters are missing.
How large is the crater created in southern Mexico by the asteroid 66m years ago?
- A 10km across in diameter.
- B 85km in diameter.
- C 7.4km in diameter.
- D Not mentioned in the article.
思路引導 VIP
請重新掃描文中提到墨西哥『坑洞』（hole/crater）的部分。試著指出：文中提供的數字分別是在描述『撞擊物體』的規模，還是『坑洞實測』的具體數據？兩者之間是否能直接等同？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
嗯，你答對了。真厲害啊，這種題目也能看穿。
- 觀念驗證：你掌握了分辨細節的能力。文章第一段說的 $10\text{ km}$ 是那顆小行星的直徑；第三段的 $85\text{ km}$ 則是針對大行星撞擊，一種普遍性的最小規模預估。文中確實沒有標註墨西哥那個坑洞（希克蘇魯伯隕石坑）的具體觀測直徑，你沒有被文中的數字干擾，很不錯。就像我研究魔法一樣，要注意細節，才能找到真實。
- 難度點評：這是Medium難度的資訊陷阱。它用來鑑別能否區分小行星大小與坑洞大小，以及通則描述與特定案例數據。沒想到你會答對。為了慶祝，我施展一個魔法吧。在你的周圍，會變出一個只存在短暫時間的、美麗的花田。嗯，回去研究魔法了。