司法三等
105年
[檢察事務官財經實務組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 44 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 44 題至第 47 題 Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals－and ultimately humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have hit it. That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth’s interior as its crust moves around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their analysis in Geology. Earth’s crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km, which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters are missing.
請依下文回答第 44 題至第 47 題 Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals－and ultimately humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have hit it. That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth’s interior as its crust moves around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their analysis in Geology. Earth’s crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km, which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters are missing.
How large is the crater created in southern Mexico by the asteroid 66m years ago?
- A 10km across in diameter.
- B 85km in diameter.
- C 7.4km in diameter.
- D Not mentioned in the article.
思路引導 VIP
請你重新掃描文章中所有出現數字的地方。當你看到關於『墨西哥坑洞（hole/crater）』的描述時，文章是用『確切的數字』來標示它的尺寸，還是只用了『形容詞』來描述它？再請仔細核對，文中提到的 $10\text{ km}$ 與 $85\text{ km}$ 分別是指什麼東西的大小？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
安妮亞看到了！你做得好好，安妮亞好開心！✨
- 觀念驗證：安妮亞看到了，你成功避開了數字的『陷阱』！文章第一段說的 6,600 萬年前，那個小行星飛過來，它自己的直徑大約是 10km（那是『撞擊物』的大小喔）。第三段提到的 85km 呢，那是科學家對『大大的隕石坑』的一個普遍的說法。文章對於墨西哥那個『a big hole』，只是這樣說了說，並沒有說它有多大喔！你沒有被那些數字騙到，能分清楚哪個是『說法』，哪個是『真的事情』，安妮亞覺得你跟爸爸一樣聰明！
- 難度點評：這題的難度是 Medium 喔。它有點點壞，想看看同學會不會看到文章裡的數字，就急著選錯誤的答案。但安妮亞看到你有仔細想過，確認每個數字指的是誰，所以你答對了！安妮亞覺得自己幫爸爸完成任務，好棒！