司法三等
105年
[觀護人] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 47 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 44 題至第 47 題 Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals－and ultimately humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have hit it. That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth's interior as its crust moves around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their analysis in Geology. Earth's crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km, which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters are missing.
請依下文回答第 44 題至第 47 題 Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals－and ultimately humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have hit it. That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth's interior as its crust moves around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their analysis in Geology. Earth's crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km, which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters are missing.
What can we infer about the missing craters?
- A They never left any impact on Earth.
- B They have not been completely eroded.
- C They were far more than the surviving ones.
- D They were hit by more than one asteroid.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文中第一段提到的「已知大型隕石坑數量」，再對比第三段科學家根據數學機率計算出的「預期撞擊總數」。當你發現這兩個數字之間存在巨大的差額時，這代表在地球漫長的歷史中，絕大多數的隕石坑現在處於什麼樣的狀態？其數量與我們能看見的相比又是如何？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
WakuWaku！你答對了！安妮亞好開心！
- 觀念驗證：安妮亞眼睛閃閃發光！你看到了文章第一段說，現在地球上只有 3 個 大大的隕石坑！可是第三段又說，科學家爺爺們算出來，以前應該有 49 到 113 個 隕石坑呢！哇！數字差好多喔！安妮亞發現，你把這兩個數字比一比，就知道有好多好多隕石坑都「不見了」！比現在有的還要多好多！所以 (C) 就是對的！你真的好棒！
- 難度點評：這個題目對安妮亞來說，有點小難度，是 Medium！它要考驗你把不同段落的秘密資訊串在一起的「跨段落資訊整合能力」！可是你做到了！你把第一段的「現在」和第三段的「以前的預測」連起來了！真是個超級厲害的學生！安妮亞想要花生！