司法三等
106年
[家事調查官] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 45 題
📖 題組：
By far some of the most prestigious centers of European learning today stand where they were founded eight hundred years ago: Oxford and Cambridge in England; the University of Paris in France; the University of Bologna in Italy. European universities developed in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries 41 the emergence of city life. Earlier medieval schools were most often 42 the monasteries, which were perforce situated in rural areas. As cities grew in importance, schools also developed at urban monasteries or under the 43 of bishops whose cathedrals were in the towns. The cathedral school was a direct 44 of the increasing importance of towns and the increasing power of bishops, the spiritual leaders of town life. In Italy, town life had been relatively strong throughout the early Middle Ages, so there was a tradition of schools which were controlled by the common people. The center of medical studies in Salerno and the law faculty of Bologna had been in 45 hands since the tenth century.
By far some of the most prestigious centers of European learning today stand where they were founded eight hundred years ago: Oxford and Cambridge in England; the University of Paris in France; the University of Bologna in Italy. European universities developed in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries 41 the emergence of city life. Earlier medieval schools were most often 42 the monasteries, which were perforce situated in rural areas. As cities grew in importance, schools also developed at urban monasteries or under the 43 of bishops whose cathedrals were in the towns. The cathedral school was a direct 44 of the increasing importance of towns and the increasing power of bishops, the spiritual leaders of town life. In Italy, town life had been relatively strong throughout the early Middle Ages, so there was a tradition of schools which were controlled by the common people. The center of medical studies in Salerno and the law faculty of Bologna had been in 45 hands since the tenth century.
45
- A secular
- B financial
- C spiritual
- D mercantile
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文章最後一段的轉折：文中先描述了由「修道院」和「主教」等宗教領袖主導的教育背景，接著提到義大利的情況不同，是由「平民 (common people)」所控制。若要用一個形容詞來區分「教會掌控」與「一般大眾掌控」這兩種截然不同的權力性質，你會如何形容後者與宗教的關係？
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🌟 太棒了！你的語意捕捉非常敏銳！
- 觀念驗證： 這題的核心在於對比邏輯。文中前半部提到早期的學校多由 monasteries（修道院）或 bishops（主教）控制，這屬於宗教勢力。然而，文末提到義大利有由 common people（平民）控制學校的傳統，因此這裡需要填入與「宗教」相對的詞。secular 正是「世俗的、非宗教的」之意，完美對應了平民控制的背景。
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