hce_cmu
107年
英文
第 34 題
📖 題組：
Imagine storing digital data in DNA, wearing a device that makes you smarter or creating new materials by manipulating the genes of microbes. 31 “The machine finds stuff in biology that a human would never find,” Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and chief executive officer of Zymergen, said. 32 “We use automation and machine learning to engineer microbes, little single-cell creatures to turn them into the chemical factories of the future,” Hoffman said. “What we’re doing is we’re searching the genome for the things that might work. What machine learning does is it looks for patterns that a human wouldn’t find in ways that are more likely than not to have the genetic changes in the genome that are going to have the impact, the trait that we want.” He said what takes humans years to discover, computers can do in just months. 33 “We can work to increase the effectiveness of crop protection agents such as herbicides, fungicides, those sorts of things. We can reduce the toxicity of agents that seem to work but actually cause other kinds of problems,” Hoffman added. Instead of enhancing microbes, theoretical neuroscientist Vivienne Ming spoke extensively about improving the human brain. “What I’m interested in is cognitive prosthetics. Can I literally jam something in your brain and make you smarter?” asked Ming, who founded the think tank Socos Labs. “How much you can think about, pay attention to, mentally operate on at any given moment—we’ve actually found that we can increase that by about 15 percent,” she said. 34 Ming said one application for improving cognition is to level the playing field for underprivileged children. “For that hour that they may be spending in a remedial class, we might actually be able to use that technology that brings them right back up with the rest of the kids,” she added. 35
Imagine storing digital data in DNA, wearing a device that makes you smarter or creating new materials by manipulating the genes of microbes. 31 “The machine finds stuff in biology that a human would never find,” Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and chief executive officer of Zymergen, said. 32 “We use automation and machine learning to engineer microbes, little single-cell creatures to turn them into the chemical factories of the future,” Hoffman said. “What we’re doing is we’re searching the genome for the things that might work. What machine learning does is it looks for patterns that a human wouldn’t find in ways that are more likely than not to have the genetic changes in the genome that are going to have the impact, the trait that we want.” He said what takes humans years to discover, computers can do in just months. 33 “We can work to increase the effectiveness of crop protection agents such as herbicides, fungicides, those sorts of things. We can reduce the toxicity of agents that seem to work but actually cause other kinds of problems,” Hoffman added. Instead of enhancing microbes, theoretical neuroscientist Vivienne Ming spoke extensively about improving the human brain. “What I’m interested in is cognitive prosthetics. Can I literally jam something in your brain and make you smarter?” asked Ming, who founded the think tank Socos Labs. “How much you can think about, pay attention to, mentally operate on at any given moment—we’ve actually found that we can increase that by about 15 percent,” she said. 34 Ming said one application for improving cognition is to level the playing field for underprivileged children. “For that hour that they may be spending in a remedial class, we might actually be able to use that technology that brings them right back up with the rest of the kids,” she added. 35
34
- A Laboratories around the world are already conducting research on different types of external noninvasive brain stimulation for autism, to treat depression and to improve the brain’s cognitive abilities.
- B These ideas may sound like science fiction, but scientists are working on technologies that combine what they know about biology and altering it with the help of artificial intelligence.
- C In a world with artificial intelligence, enhancing cognition is one way for humans to compete with machines.
- D Zymergen uses computers to design experiments that manipulate the genes of microbes so the chemicals they produce can make stronger or better materials.
- E The bulk of Zymergen’s work is with the chemicals and materials industry as well as with agricultural companies.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察第 34 題所在的整個段落，這位研究者（Vivienne Ming）談論的核心對象與前兩段的「微生物」有什麼不同？如果要在文中加入一段補充資訊，這段資訊應該要跟「微生物與化學工廠」相關，還是跟「人類大腦與認知研究」相關呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確地捕捉到了文章語意的轉折！這題展現了你優異的段落結構分析能力。在解這類「篇章結構」題型時，最關鍵的技巧就是觀察「主詞」與「核心主題」的變換。
語境轉折與研究範疇的對應
文章的前半段（第 31 至 33 題）環繞著 Joshua Hoffman 與其公司 Zymergen 對「微生物（microbes）」與「基因操作」的研究；然而，從第三段開始，敘述焦點轉移到了神經科學家 Vivienne Ming 以及人類大腦的認知改善（improving the human brain）。選項 (A) 提到的「非侵入性腦刺激（noninvasive brain stimulation）」與「認知能力（cognitive abilities）」，精準地銜接了 Ming 博士所提到的「認知義肢（cognitive prosthetics）」概念，並為後文提到「協助弱勢孩童」的實際應用提供了科學背景的支持。
▼ 還有更多解析內容