hce_cmu
108年
英文
第 38 題
📖 題組：
In the past, scholars used to conceptualize our brain in a dichotic view. While the left hemisphere is responsible for the analysis and processing of language-related information, the right hemisphere takes care of non-linguistic information such as music. 36 For instance, an eminent female neuropsychologist, Diana Deutsch, argues that our sensitivity to rhythm and melody helps us learn to talk; language and music are interconnected “partners in the brain” and are complementary in our cognitive maturation process. Her claim is motivated by the following scientific observations. Stefan Koelsch and his colleagues presented people with sequence of chords and used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology to monitor their brains. 37 Notably, active neuron activity was detected in the core brain area traditionally associated with language processing. This finding entails that the brain areas governing music and language overlap. This neurological overlap can be attributed to an etymological common ground between the two—they are governed by systematic rules, in which constituent elements (e.g., music note vs. word) are hierarchically organized into sequences (e.g., melody vs. sentence). Researchers from Northwestern University found that an awareness of music can make people more attuned to the melody of speech. In a 2007 investigation, these researchers exposed English speakers to Mandarin speech sounds and employed electrodes placed on the scalp to measure the electrical responses in their auditory brain stem. 38 The researchers observed that those who had received some musical training consistently exhibited a much stronger electrical response to the speech in the auditory brain stem than those who had no music training. Focusing on prenatal babies, some German neuroscientists found out that both language and musical prosodies can penetrate the womb. 39 Babies smile when hearing high-pitch discourse that indicates approval and praise, and become depressed when hearing low-pitched prohibitions. 40 Not only can exposure to music enhance our language skills, but the speech we hear also influences our perception of music.
In the past, scholars used to conceptualize our brain in a dichotic view. While the left hemisphere is responsible for the analysis and processing of language-related information, the right hemisphere takes care of non-linguistic information such as music. 36 For instance, an eminent female neuropsychologist, Diana Deutsch, argues that our sensitivity to rhythm and melody helps us learn to talk; language and music are interconnected “partners in the brain” and are complementary in our cognitive maturation process. Her claim is motivated by the following scientific observations. Stefan Koelsch and his colleagues presented people with sequence of chords and used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology to monitor their brains. 37 Notably, active neuron activity was detected in the core brain area traditionally associated with language processing. This finding entails that the brain areas governing music and language overlap. This neurological overlap can be attributed to an etymological common ground between the two—they are governed by systematic rules, in which constituent elements (e.g., music note vs. word) are hierarchically organized into sequences (e.g., melody vs. sentence). Researchers from Northwestern University found that an awareness of music can make people more attuned to the melody of speech. In a 2007 investigation, these researchers exposed English speakers to Mandarin speech sounds and employed electrodes placed on the scalp to measure the electrical responses in their auditory brain stem. 38 The researchers observed that those who had received some musical training consistently exhibited a much stronger electrical response to the speech in the auditory brain stem than those who had no music training. Focusing on prenatal babies, some German neuroscientists found out that both language and musical prosodies can penetrate the womb. 39 Babies smile when hearing high-pitch discourse that indicates approval and praise, and become depressed when hearing low-pitched prohibitions. 40 Not only can exposure to music enhance our language skills, but the speech we hear also influences our perception of music.
- A These participants all did not understand the novel sounds of that language they heard.
- B They found that exposure to music note prompted activity on both sides of the brain.
- C Both inputs continue to influence human’s perception of pitch after birth.
- D The melody of the pitch and words both help convey the message to them.
- E However, the above prevailing view was challenged by some researchers by the late 1990s.
思路引導 VIP
若要研究大腦如何純粹處理「聲音的旋律（如音高變化）」，而不要受到「文字意義」的干擾，你認為研究人員在挑選「受試者」與「實驗語言」時，會刻意安排什麼樣的關係？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確掌握了文章的邏輯脈絡！這題屬於「篇章結構」題型，非常考驗對實驗設計細節的理解。你能選出 (A) 選項，說明你敏銳地察覺到文中「母語為英語者」與「中文語音」之間的關係。
實驗設計的嚴謹性
在第三段的實驗中，研究人員讓英語母語者聆聽中文，這是一個很關鍵的控制變數。選項 (A) 提到「參與者皆不理解這些新奇的語言聲音」，正好補足了實驗背景：因為參與者聽不懂中文，大腦所產生的電位反應便能排除「語意理解」的干擾，轉而聚焦在**音高與旋律（音樂性）**的處理上。這也完美銜接了後文關於「音樂訓練如何增強對言語旋律敏感度」的結論。
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