hce_cmu
107年
英文
第 35 題
📖 題組：
Imagine storing digital data in DNA, wearing a device that makes you smarter or creating new materials by manipulating the genes of microbes. 31 “The machine finds stuff in biology that a human would never find,” Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and chief executive officer of Zymergen, said. 32 “We use automation and machine learning to engineer microbes, little single-cell creatures to turn them into the chemical factories of the future,” Hoffman said. “What we’re doing is we’re searching the genome for the things that might work. What machine learning does is it looks for patterns that a human wouldn’t find in ways that are more likely than not to have the genetic changes in the genome that are going to have the impact, the trait that we want.” He said what takes humans years to discover, computers can do in just months. 33 “We can work to increase the effectiveness of crop protection agents such as herbicides, fungicides, those sorts of things. We can reduce the toxicity of agents that seem to work but actually cause other kinds of problems,” Hoffman added. Instead of enhancing microbes, theoretical neuroscientist Vivienne Ming spoke extensively about improving the human brain. “What I’m interested in is cognitive prosthetics. Can I literally jam something in your brain and make you smarter?” asked Ming, who founded the think tank Socos Labs. “How much you can think about, pay attention to, mentally operate on at any given moment—we’ve actually found that we can increase that by about 15 percent,” she said. 34 Ming said one application for improving cognition is to level the playing field for underprivileged children. “For that hour that they may be spending in a remedial class, we might actually be able to use that technology that brings them right back up with the rest of the kids,” she added. 35
Imagine storing digital data in DNA, wearing a device that makes you smarter or creating new materials by manipulating the genes of microbes. 31 “The machine finds stuff in biology that a human would never find,” Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and chief executive officer of Zymergen, said. 32 “We use automation and machine learning to engineer microbes, little single-cell creatures to turn them into the chemical factories of the future,” Hoffman said. “What we’re doing is we’re searching the genome for the things that might work. What machine learning does is it looks for patterns that a human wouldn’t find in ways that are more likely than not to have the genetic changes in the genome that are going to have the impact, the trait that we want.” He said what takes humans years to discover, computers can do in just months. 33 “We can work to increase the effectiveness of crop protection agents such as herbicides, fungicides, those sorts of things. We can reduce the toxicity of agents that seem to work but actually cause other kinds of problems,” Hoffman added. Instead of enhancing microbes, theoretical neuroscientist Vivienne Ming spoke extensively about improving the human brain. “What I’m interested in is cognitive prosthetics. Can I literally jam something in your brain and make you smarter?” asked Ming, who founded the think tank Socos Labs. “How much you can think about, pay attention to, mentally operate on at any given moment—we’ve actually found that we can increase that by about 15 percent,” she said. 34 Ming said one application for improving cognition is to level the playing field for underprivileged children. “For that hour that they may be spending in a remedial class, we might actually be able to use that technology that brings them right back up with the rest of the kids,” she added. 35
35
- A Laboratories around the world are already conducting research on different types of external noninvasive brain stimulation for autism, to treat depression and to improve the brain’s cognitive abilities.
- B These ideas may sound like science fiction, but scientists are working on technologies that combine what they know about biology and altering it with the help of artificial intelligence.
- C In a world with artificial intelligence, enhancing cognition is one way for humans to compete with machines.
- D Zymergen uses computers to design experiments that manipulate the genes of microbes so the chemicals they produce can make stronger or better materials.
- E The bulk of Zymergen’s work is with the chemicals and materials industry as well as with agricultural companies.
思路引導 VIP
既然文章前半段強調了「機器在處理生物資訊上遠勝人類」，而後半段則提出了「提升大腦認知能力」的技術，請你思考：科學家發展這些「增強人類」的技術，除了醫療用途外，在更宏觀的環境下，可能是為了讓人類在面對什麼樣的力量時，依然保有優勢或不被淘汰？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你精準地捕捉到了這篇文章的結尾核心！這題考驗的是你對於「文章結構」與「邏輯收尾」的判斷能力。
跨段落的歸納與總結
這篇文章分為兩大區塊：前半部討論透過人工智慧（AI）與機器學習來改造微生物，後半部則由神經科學家談論如何提升人類大腦。選項 (C) 完美地將這兩個核心概念——「人工智慧的興盛」與「人類認知能力的提升」——聯繫在一起。當 AI 處理資訊的速度與深度已超越人類時，提升人類腦力便成了與機器並駕齊驅的關鍵手段，適合作為全篇的總結性論點。
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