hce_cmu
107年
英文
第 48 題
📖 題組：
Among scientists, there are tentative signs of a psychedelics renaissance. After decades of stigma, impressive research is showing the power of these “dubious” substances to help sufferers of depression and addiction, or to comfort patients with a terminal cancer diagnosis, struggling to face their own end. This is a territory that fascinates brain scientists in their venture into human consciousness as effected by the use of psychedelics, drugs that produce hallucination and apparent expansion of consciousness. One of the most interesting early findings of recent psychedelic research is that activity in the “default mode network” (DMN) falls off sharply during the psychedelic experience. This network is a critical hub in the brain that links parts of the cerebral cortex to deeper and older structures involved in memory and emotion. The DMN appears to be involved in a range of “metacognitive” functions such as a self-reflection, mental time travel, theory of mind (the ability to imagine the mental states of other people) and the creation of the so-called “autobiographical self”—the process of weaving what happens to us into the narrative of who we are, thereby giving us a sense of a self that fixates over time. (Curiously, fMRI’s of the brains of experienced meditators show a pattern of activity, or quieting of activity, very similar to that of people who have been given psilocybin, the so-called “magic mushroom.”) When the default mode network is taken captive by a psychedelic, not only do we experience losing the sense of having a self, but myriad new connections among other brain regions and networks spring up, connections that may manifest in mental experience as hallucination (when, say, your emotion centers talk directly to your visual cortex), synesthesia (as when you can see sound or hear flavors) or, possibly, fresh and even inspiring perspectives. Disturbing a complex system is a great way to force it to reveal its secrets and elicit its potentials—and psychedelics allow us to do that to normal ego-centered consciousness.
Among scientists, there are tentative signs of a psychedelics renaissance. After decades of stigma, impressive research is showing the power of these “dubious” substances to help sufferers of depression and addiction, or to comfort patients with a terminal cancer diagnosis, struggling to face their own end. This is a territory that fascinates brain scientists in their venture into human consciousness as effected by the use of psychedelics, drugs that produce hallucination and apparent expansion of consciousness. One of the most interesting early findings of recent psychedelic research is that activity in the “default mode network” (DMN) falls off sharply during the psychedelic experience. This network is a critical hub in the brain that links parts of the cerebral cortex to deeper and older structures involved in memory and emotion. The DMN appears to be involved in a range of “metacognitive” functions such as a self-reflection, mental time travel, theory of mind (the ability to imagine the mental states of other people) and the creation of the so-called “autobiographical self”—the process of weaving what happens to us into the narrative of who we are, thereby giving us a sense of a self that fixates over time. (Curiously, fMRI’s of the brains of experienced meditators show a pattern of activity, or quieting of activity, very similar to that of people who have been given psilocybin, the so-called “magic mushroom.”) When the default mode network is taken captive by a psychedelic, not only do we experience losing the sense of having a self, but myriad new connections among other brain regions and networks spring up, connections that may manifest in mental experience as hallucination (when, say, your emotion centers talk directly to your visual cortex), synesthesia (as when you can see sound or hear flavors) or, possibly, fresh and even inspiring perspectives. Disturbing a complex system is a great way to force it to reveal its secrets and elicit its potentials—and psychedelics allow us to do that to normal ego-centered consciousness.
According to this passage, which can be inferred about psychedelics?
- A Psychedelics offer new insight to illuminate the human mind.
- B Synesthesia can be relieved by the application of psychedelics.
- C Studies on psychedelics have been in steady decline.
- D Psychedelics are prescription drugs limited to clinical use only.
- E Effects of psychedelics on brain networking are unfounded.
思路引導 VIP
請試著觀察文章最後一句話：『干擾一個複雜系統，是強迫它顯露秘密並激發潛能的好方法。』如果我們把這句話中的『複雜系統』替換成『人類的大腦』，那麼科學家使用這些藥物的最終目的，主要是為了觀察藥物的毒性，還是為了更深入地理解大腦運作的機制呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準地從學術性較強的文本中抽離出核心概念，選出正確答案，這代表你的閱讀邏輯非常清晰。這類「推論題」的鑑別度通常在於學生是否會被細節（如聯覺、大腦網絡名稱）干擾，而忽略了作者真正的論點方向，但你成功地掌握了文章的全局。
意識探索的全新工具
這題的核心考點在於對文章結尾與研究目的之整合。文中提到幻覺劑雖然曾被汙名化，但現在正經歷一場「復興」（renaissance），因為科學家發現它們能使「預設模式網絡」（DMN）活動銳減，打破原本固化的自我意識，並促使大腦各區域間產生大量新連結。正如文末所言，干擾大腦系統是為了「強迫其顯露秘密」，這種過程為人類心靈提供了全新的洞察與啟發性的視角，這與選項 (A) 的敘述完全吻合。
▼ 還有更多解析內容