hce_kmu
108年
普通生物及生化概論
第 51 題
When light strikes the pigment rhodopsin in a rod cell, retinal dissociates from opsin, initiating a signal-transduction pathway that ________.
- A depolarizes the neighboring bipolar cells and initiates an action potential in a ganglion cell
- B depolarizes the rod cell, causing it to release the neurotransmitter glutamate, which excites bipolar cells
- C hyperpolarizes the rod cell, reducing its release of glutamate, which excites some bipolarcells and inhibits others
- D hyperpolarizes the rod cell, reducing its release of glutamate, which excites amacrine cells but inhibits horizontal cells
- E converts cGMP to GMP, opening sodium channels and hyperpolarizing the membrane, causing the rhodopsin to become bleached
思路引導 VIP
想像一下,如果視桿細胞在「完全黑暗」的安靜狀態下,反而是持續地在釋放神經傳導物質,那麼當「光線」這個訊號突然關閉了細胞膜上的正離子通道時,細胞膜內外的電位差會變得更大還是更小?這種電位的變動,對於原本正在穩定釋放的神經傳導物質,會產生增加還是減少的效果呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你精準掌握了視覺生理學中最容易混淆的核心機制!這道題目考查的是視桿細胞(rod cell)對光線刺激的獨特反應,你能從中辨識出正確的路徑,顯示你對細胞訊息傳遞有著紮實的理解。
視覺傳導的逆向調節
在大多數的神經生理情境中,刺激通常會導致細胞去極化並增加傳導物質釋放,但視覺受器卻恰恰相反。當光線活化視紫質(rhodopsin)後,會引發 G 蛋白(transducin)級聯反應,導致胞內 $cGMP$ 水平下降,進而使鈉離子通道關閉。這一連串動作會導致細胞膜產生過極化(hyperpolarization),並隨之減少神經傳導物質——**麩胺酸(glutamate)**的釋放量。
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