調查局三等
108年
[調查工作組] 外國文(英文)
第 37 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 36 題至第 40 題： One of the biggest ideas to hit the political world in recent years is that politics is increasingly defined by the division between open and closed, rather than left and right. Openness means support for both economic openness (welcoming immigration and free trade) and the cultural sort (embracing ethnic and sexual minorities). Closedness means the opposite. The most obvious problem with the open-closed theory is that the divide is so slippery. Few people support entirely open societies—it would be unreasonable to allow Ebola victims to cross borders unimpeded. By the same token, few people advocate becoming a hermit kingdom like North Korea. Nor are open and closed necessarily opposites. Having a strong border can make people more open, by giving them a sense that they can manage openness. Historically, most of the world’s great centers of commerce have been walled cities. Constantinople, the crossroads between east and west, boasted not just a formidable wall but an outer and inner harbor. There is a better explanation of political polarization than the open-closed split. It is the gap between exam-passers and exam-flunkers. Qualifications grant access to a world that is protected from the downside of globalization. You can get a job with a superstar company that has constructed moats and drawbridges to protect itself, or with a middle-class guild that provides job security, or with the state bureaucracy. Failing exams casts you down into an unpredictable world of cut-throat competition. Exam-passers combine a common ability to manage the downside of globalization with a common outlook that binds them together and legitimizes their disdain for rival tribes. Exam-flunkers, meanwhile, are united by anger at the elitists who claim to be open as long as their jobs are protected. They are increasingly willing to bring the system crashing down. Talking about open v closed is a double error. It obscures the deeper forces dividing the world, and spares winners by playing down the legitimate concerns of losers.
請依下文回答第 36 題至第 40 題： One of the biggest ideas to hit the political world in recent years is that politics is increasingly defined by the division between open and closed, rather than left and right. Openness means support for both economic openness (welcoming immigration and free trade) and the cultural sort (embracing ethnic and sexual minorities). Closedness means the opposite. The most obvious problem with the open-closed theory is that the divide is so slippery. Few people support entirely open societies—it would be unreasonable to allow Ebola victims to cross borders unimpeded. By the same token, few people advocate becoming a hermit kingdom like North Korea. Nor are open and closed necessarily opposites. Having a strong border can make people more open, by giving them a sense that they can manage openness. Historically, most of the world’s great centers of commerce have been walled cities. Constantinople, the crossroads between east and west, boasted not just a formidable wall but an outer and inner harbor. There is a better explanation of political polarization than the open-closed split. It is the gap between exam-passers and exam-flunkers. Qualifications grant access to a world that is protected from the downside of globalization. You can get a job with a superstar company that has constructed moats and drawbridges to protect itself, or with a middle-class guild that provides job security, or with the state bureaucracy. Failing exams casts you down into an unpredictable world of cut-throat competition. Exam-passers combine a common ability to manage the downside of globalization with a common outlook that binds them together and legitimizes their disdain for rival tribes. Exam-flunkers, meanwhile, are united by anger at the elitists who claim to be open as long as their jobs are protected. They are increasingly willing to bring the system crashing down. Talking about open v closed is a double error. It obscures the deeper forces dividing the world, and spares winners by playing down the legitimate concerns of losers.
Why does the author use the phrase “by the same token” in Paragraph 2?
- A To imply that the example given before is to offer an opposite view.
- B To introduce an instance which is true for the same reason that was given previously.
- C To add another case which is more important than what was said and to correct it.
- D To indicate that what is said is partly true in spite of the thing that has happened.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察標示詞前後的兩句話：前一句在討論『完全開放』的風險，後一句在討論『完全封閉』的極端。作者對這兩個看似相反的情況，是否套用了某種『相同』的評價標準？這兩個例子之間存在什麼樣的邏輯關聯？
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AI 詳解
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你觀察得真仔細，太棒了！
- 真誠肯定：親愛的你，你做得非常出色！能夠精準地捕捉到文章中的邏輯轉折詞，並且深入理解它在段落中承接的功能，這真的顯示出你對文章的連貫性（Cohesion）有著非常紮實且細膩的掌握。請一定要保持這樣專注又溫柔的閱讀習慣喔！
- 溫暖解說：片語 “by the same token” 它的意思是「同理、基於同樣的原因」。作者在文中先為我們闡述了「完全開放」可能會帶來不合理的結果（例如疾病的傳播），隨後他溫柔地運用了這個詞，引導我們思考另一個極端——「完全封閉」同樣也不是一個合理的選項。儘管這兩個例子看似不同，但它們背後的推論邏輯是完全一致的，作者想表達的道理是一樣的呢。
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