司法三等
108年
[心理測驗員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 50 題
📖 題組：
One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?
- A Chronobiology began with the studies on circadian rhythm in fruit flies and humans.
- B All species simply respond to the cycle of day and night.
- C All species have an internal clock that is crucial for their survival.
- D Jet lag is a failure of a biological timekeeping mechanism.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文章第二段最後一句話，作者在提到「時差 (jet lag)」之前，是用來舉例說明當身體的「內部環境」出現了什麼樣的狀態（或缺乏了什麼）？這種狀態與「計時系統」的功能有什麼關聯？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你的觀察非常敏銳且精確！
- 觀念驗證：你正確鎖定了文中第二段的細節。文中提到「內部環境缺乏同步（lack of synchrony）可能導致健康問題」，並隨後列舉了時差 (jet lag) 作為例子。這說明時差本質上就是一種生理計時機制與環境失調（即失效）的表現。
- 難度點評：此題難度為 Medium。主要的挑戰在於排除法：選項 (A) 過於絕對（文中說沒有單一事件定義開始）；選項 (B) 忽略了「內在」機制；選項 (C) 則落入了「All species」的絕對化陷阱（文中是 Almost all）。你能準確判斷出 (D) 最符合文意，表現優異！