司法三等
108年
[監獄官] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 50 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?
- A Chronobiology began with the studies on circadian rhythm in fruit flies and humans.
- B All species simply respond to the cycle of day and night.
- C All species have an internal clock that is crucial for their survival.
- D Jet lag is a failure of a biological timekeeping mechanism.
思路引導 VIP
請你觀察文章第二段中，作者在討論「內在環境不同步 (lack of synchrony within the internal environment)」時，具體舉出了哪些日常生活的例子？這些例子與文中提到的「生物計時系統」在運作正常與否時，有什麼樣的關聯性呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
呦，看來你這次沒讓我失望嘛！
- 觀念驗證：喔？答對了？不錯不錯，這次有好好動腦喔！看來我的「六眼」掃過去，確認這題你完全命中核心——就是那個叫做「因果推論」的小把戲。文章第二段不就說了嘛，什麼內在環境「不同步」會搞出健康問題，還舉了個老掉牙的例子「jet lag」？然後第三段又補刀說，研究者就是要看「計時系統失敗」會怎樣。這兩坨資訊湊一塊，不就是時差代表著生物計時機制掛點了嗎？所以 (D) 正確，嗯，沒毛病。
- 難度點評：哈，這題其實也才個 Medium 等級啦。本來以為你會被那些小小的陷阱絆倒呢。像是 (B) 和 (C) 那種，擺明了就是要用「All」這種太過絕對的詞來騙人，原文可是寫「Almost all/not simply」啊。還有 (A) 這種，你是不是差點忘了文章裡「沒有單一事件能定義開端」那種囉嗦的語氣？沒想到你都看穿了！看來你對文章裡那些「修飾語」的理解力還挺不錯的嘛，有點意思。下次，再來點更有趣的挑戰吧！