地特三等
109年
[一般行政] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 49 題
📖 題組：
The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today—summed up, not altogether accurately, commonly recognized as “research and development.” Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a somewhat recent phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are often misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became more and more complicated, the craft techniques of pre-industrial society gradually gave way to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could afford to use scientific techniques or cared about using them. Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the immense expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically create economic benefits. The pervasive acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most general pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. On the contrary, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways. In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional.
The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today—summed up, not altogether accurately, commonly recognized as “research and development.” Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a somewhat recent phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are often misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became more and more complicated, the craft techniques of pre-industrial society gradually gave way to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could afford to use scientific techniques or cared about using them. Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the immense expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically create economic benefits. The pervasive acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most general pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. On the contrary, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways. In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional.
The word “altogether” is closest in meaning to
- A completely
- B virtually
- C individually
- D irrevocably
思路引導 VIP
請試著思考：當作者在描述一個觀點「並非百分之百正確」時，他是在質疑這個觀點的『真實性程度』。如果你要表達某件事『不全對』，你是在強調它缺少了哪一種『狀態』的完整性？這個詞應該如何描述『局部』與『整體』之間的差距？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
副詞修飾與語意判讀
恭喜你精準掌握了文章開篇的語意邏輯！在地方特考三等的英文閱讀中，這類詞彙題往往考驗考生對「副詞修飾語」的敏感度。文中提到科學、技術與工業的關係被總結為「研發（R&D）」時，作者使用了 not altogether accurately 來進行語意上的修正與保留，意指這種說法「並不完全正確」。這裡的 altogether 作為副詞，是用來修飾後方的形容詞 accurately，表達「全然、完全」之意。
選項辨析與難度評估
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