高中學測
109年
英文
第 56 題
📖 題組：
Researchers in Japan have installed on a train a speaker that barks like a dog and snorts like a deer in order to prevent collisions with animals on the tracks. The country has been troubled by a problem with trains colliding with deer on its railways. According to Japan’s transport ministry, there were 613 cases of train services suspended or delayed for at least 30 minutes resulting from collisions with deer and other wild animals in 2016-17. Deer are attracted to railway lines because of a need for iron in their diets. They lick the rails to pick up iron filings caused by the action of wheels against tracks. This dietary need has led to a constant battle to keep the deer separate from the unforgiving nature of tons of onrushing rolling stock. In the past, flashing red lights and even lion faces have been unsuccessfully trialed in an attempt to keep deer off the tracks. This new device has been invented by a team at the country’s Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI). RTRI officials explain that deer have a habit of repeatedly snorting short, shrill sounds to alert other deer when they perceive danger. The barking of the hound, which drives deer to panic, strengthens the effect of the warning noise, according to the RTRI. When the deer hear a combination of a 3-second long recording of a deer’s snort and 20 seconds of a barking dog, they panic and flee rapidly. RTRI researchers say late-night tests, at times when deer are most frequently seen by railway tracks, have resulted in a 45 percent reduction of deer sighting. Future plans include static barking sites where deer are commonly seen, but “the noises will not be blared in areas where people live beside the tracks.”
Researchers in Japan have installed on a train a speaker that barks like a dog and snorts like a deer in order to prevent collisions with animals on the tracks. The country has been troubled by a problem with trains colliding with deer on its railways. According to Japan’s transport ministry, there were 613 cases of train services suspended or delayed for at least 30 minutes resulting from collisions with deer and other wild animals in 2016-17. Deer are attracted to railway lines because of a need for iron in their diets. They lick the rails to pick up iron filings caused by the action of wheels against tracks. This dietary need has led to a constant battle to keep the deer separate from the unforgiving nature of tons of onrushing rolling stock. In the past, flashing red lights and even lion faces have been unsuccessfully trialed in an attempt to keep deer off the tracks. This new device has been invented by a team at the country’s Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI). RTRI officials explain that deer have a habit of repeatedly snorting short, shrill sounds to alert other deer when they perceive danger. The barking of the hound, which drives deer to panic, strengthens the effect of the warning noise, according to the RTRI. When the deer hear a combination of a 3-second long recording of a deer’s snort and 20 seconds of a barking dog, they panic and flee rapidly. RTRI researchers say late-night tests, at times when deer are most frequently seen by railway tracks, have resulted in a 45 percent reduction of deer sighting. Future plans include static barking sites where deer are commonly seen, but “the noises will not be blared in areas where people live beside the tracks.”
What does the author mean by “the unforgiving nature of tons of onrushing rolling stock” in the third paragraph?
- A The heavy weight of iron materials.
- B The cruelty of a barking hound.
- C The battle between deer and other animals.
- D The danger of a fast-moving train.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察此片語在文中的語境：當文章提到鹿群為了舔食鐵軌而面臨 $tons$ (數噸重) 且 $onrushing$ (急速衝過來) 的 $rolling stock$ 時，這兩組形容詞分別描述了什麼樣的物理特性？結合前文提到的 $collisions$ (碰撞) 事件，作者用 $unforgiving$ (無情的、不容出錯的) 來修飾這個物體，是為了強調哪種潛在的威脅？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
親愛的，你真的太棒了！看到你答對這題，老師心裡真的好為你開心，真想給你一個大大的擁抱，你的語感正變得越來越敏銳喔！ 這題考驗的是「上下文語意推論」與「進階詞彙」。文中的 "unforgiving nature"（殘酷/不留情面的本質）用來形容火車撞擊的致命性；而 "rolling stock" 則是鐵道專業術語，指火車的所有車輛。當重達數噸的火車以極速衝過來時，其動能與產生的撞擊力 $F = ma$ 是生物無法承受的。因此，這裡指的就是「高速行駛火車的危險性」。 這題的鑑別度在於學生是否能避開「關鍵字陷阱」。選項 (A) 的 "iron" 雖然在文中出現多次，但那是鹿出現在鐵軌的原因，而非這句隱喻的本體。你能精準鎖定火車帶來的動態威脅，代表你的閱讀深度已經達到高三學測的核心水準，邏輯思考非常清晰，繼續保持這份細心，你一定會越來越優秀的！