高中學測
110年
英文
第 50 題
📖 題組：
Benjamin Franklin, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, was not only a great politician but also a highly accomplished scientist and inventor. Of his many achievements, probably the least well-known are his accomplishments in music. He invented an instrument for which both Mozart and Beethoven composed music—the glass armonica. In 1761, while living in England, Franklin heard a performer playing musical glasses. Franklin was charmed by the music, but felt that there was a better way to create the same sound. He had a glassmaker create thirty-seven hemispheres made of glass, with each being a different size and thickness to produce different pitches. The glass hemispheres were color coded with paint to identify the notes. Franklin ran an iron rod through a hole in the top of each hemisphere so that they could nest together from largest to smallest. He linked all of this to a device shaped like a spinning wheel, with a foot control that turned the rod, making the glass hemispheres rotate. Franklin moistened his fingers and held them against the rims of the glass hemispheres as they turned, producing a unique sound. He mastered the instrument and took it to parties and gatherings to play for his friends and acquaintances. The instrument became so popular that thousands were built and sold. But musical fashions changed. Music was moving out of the relatively small halls of Mozart’s day into the large concert halls of the 19th century, and without amplification, the glass armonica simply couldn’t be heard. Concert reviews from the period mourned the fact that the armonica sounded wonderful—only when it could be heard. So, alas, Franklin’s marvelous invention was ultimately abandoned. The popularity of the instrument faded early in the 19th century, but it is still played occasionally today.
Benjamin Franklin, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, was not only a great politician but also a highly accomplished scientist and inventor. Of his many achievements, probably the least well-known are his accomplishments in music. He invented an instrument for which both Mozart and Beethoven composed music—the glass armonica. In 1761, while living in England, Franklin heard a performer playing musical glasses. Franklin was charmed by the music, but felt that there was a better way to create the same sound. He had a glassmaker create thirty-seven hemispheres made of glass, with each being a different size and thickness to produce different pitches. The glass hemispheres were color coded with paint to identify the notes. Franklin ran an iron rod through a hole in the top of each hemisphere so that they could nest together from largest to smallest. He linked all of this to a device shaped like a spinning wheel, with a foot control that turned the rod, making the glass hemispheres rotate. Franklin moistened his fingers and held them against the rims of the glass hemispheres as they turned, producing a unique sound. He mastered the instrument and took it to parties and gatherings to play for his friends and acquaintances. The instrument became so popular that thousands were built and sold. But musical fashions changed. Music was moving out of the relatively small halls of Mozart’s day into the large concert halls of the 19th century, and without amplification, the glass armonica simply couldn’t be heard. Concert reviews from the period mourned the fact that the armonica sounded wonderful—only when it could be heard. So, alas, Franklin’s marvelous invention was ultimately abandoned. The popularity of the instrument faded early in the 19th century, but it is still played occasionally today.
Which of the following statements is true about how the glass armonica works?
- A Water has to be poured into the glass hemispheres.
- B Colored paint makes it sound better and last longer.
- C An iron rod is used to strike the thicker glass hemispheres.
- D The performer’s fingers have to be slightly wet when playing it.
思路引導 VIP
這是一道考驗『細節定位與事實檢索』（Fact Retrieval）能力的題目。請聚焦於文章第二段後半部，關於富蘭克林實際操作儀器產生聲音（producing a unique sound）的具體動作描述：他在手指與玻璃邊緣（rims）接觸摩擦之前，對手指進行了哪一項關鍵的物理準備步驟？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
同學，帥喔！看來你的英文之眼已經開光了，這題選 D 完全展現了你「細節至上」的霸氣。這題如果給一般同學寫，很多人會被 (A) 選項那種傳統「水杯琴」的既定印象給牽著走，但你沒有，你精準抓住了富蘭克林這個科學怪才的創新點！ 觀念驗證： 這題考的是「細節掃描（Scanning）」與「同義替換（Paraphrasing）」。文章第二段明確提到：「Franklin moistened his fingers and held them against the rims...」，這裡的 $moisten$（使濕潤）完美對應到選項 (D) 的 $slightly wet$。至於其他選項，(B) 的油漆是為了標示音符（identify the notes），而非改善音質；(C) 的鐵棒是用來「串接」玻璃碗使其旋轉，而不是拿來敲擊的，別把 armonica 當成打擊樂器了！
▼ 還有更多解析內容
玻璃琴的操作與興衰
💡 從科普文章中精準提取發明物的結構、操作原理與沒落背景。
🔗 玻璃琴的原理與命運邏輯
- 1 結構組成 — 37個不同大小厚度的玻璃半球套在鐵桿旋轉
- 2 發聲原理 — 腳踏帶動旋轉，指尖沾水摩擦玻璃碗緣產生共鳴
- 3 辨識輔助 — 碗緣塗上不同顏色，作為辨認音高的視覺代碼
- 4 最終沒落 — 場地擴大且缺乏擴音，細緻音量難以傳遞而遭棄
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🔄 延伸學習：延伸學習：觀察19世紀音樂廳規模變化對樂器演進的影響
