hce_tcu
111年
英文
第 41 題
📖 題組：
【C】 The earliest recorded reference to oral disease is from an ancient (5000 BC) Sumerian text that describes “tooth worms” as a cause of dental decay, and there is historical evidence that the Chinese used acupuncture around 2700 BC to treat pain associated with tooth decay. And in ancient Egypt, written between 1700 and 1500 BC, there were references to substances to ease pain and treat decay in teeth. Aesculapius, a Greek physician, who lived between 1300 and 1200 BC is credited by many with the concept of extracting diseased teeth. Throughout the Middle Age in Europe, dentistry was made available to the wealthy by physicians who would go to their homes. Dentistry for the poorer people took place in the market places, where self-taught vagabonds would extract teeth for a small fee. From the Middle Ages to the early 1700s, much dental work was provided by so called “barber surgeons.” Pierre Fauchard (1678-1761), a French surgeon, is credited with being the “father of modern dentistry.” Dental practitioners migrated to the American colonies in the 1700s and devoted themselves primarily to the removal of diseased teeth and insertion of artificial dentures. Until the mid-1800s, dentures continued to be individually constructed by skilled artisans. Gold, silver, and ivory were common components, causing them to be very expensive and available only to the very wealthy. In 1851 a process to mould material against a model of the patient’s mouth and attach artificial porcelain teeth allowed the manufacture of less expensive dentures. Later, acrylic plastics replaced the use of rubber and porcelain in denture construction. A major contribution came from Horace Wells in 1844 when he initiated the use of nitrous oxide (laughing gas), founding the concept of inhalation analgesia and anesthesia. The medical community later adopted inhalation anesthesia as a standard surgical practice. Greene Vardiman Black (1831-1915) was the leading reformer of American dentistry. He devised a foot engine that allowed the dentist to keep both hands free while powering the dental drill. He also developed modern techniques for filling teeth based upon biological principles and microscopic evaluation, and proposed that dental caries and periodical disease were infections initiated by bacteria—not confirmed scientifically, however, until the early 1960s.
【C】 The earliest recorded reference to oral disease is from an ancient (5000 BC) Sumerian text that describes “tooth worms” as a cause of dental decay, and there is historical evidence that the Chinese used acupuncture around 2700 BC to treat pain associated with tooth decay. And in ancient Egypt, written between 1700 and 1500 BC, there were references to substances to ease pain and treat decay in teeth. Aesculapius, a Greek physician, who lived between 1300 and 1200 BC is credited by many with the concept of extracting diseased teeth. Throughout the Middle Age in Europe, dentistry was made available to the wealthy by physicians who would go to their homes. Dentistry for the poorer people took place in the market places, where self-taught vagabonds would extract teeth for a small fee. From the Middle Ages to the early 1700s, much dental work was provided by so called “barber surgeons.” Pierre Fauchard (1678-1761), a French surgeon, is credited with being the “father of modern dentistry.” Dental practitioners migrated to the American colonies in the 1700s and devoted themselves primarily to the removal of diseased teeth and insertion of artificial dentures. Until the mid-1800s, dentures continued to be individually constructed by skilled artisans. Gold, silver, and ivory were common components, causing them to be very expensive and available only to the very wealthy. In 1851 a process to mould material against a model of the patient’s mouth and attach artificial porcelain teeth allowed the manufacture of less expensive dentures. Later, acrylic plastics replaced the use of rubber and porcelain in denture construction. A major contribution came from Horace Wells in 1844 when he initiated the use of nitrous oxide (laughing gas), founding the concept of inhalation analgesia and anesthesia. The medical community later adopted inhalation anesthesia as a standard surgical practice. Greene Vardiman Black (1831-1915) was the leading reformer of American dentistry. He devised a foot engine that allowed the dentist to keep both hands free while powering the dental drill. He also developed modern techniques for filling teeth based upon biological principles and microscopic evaluation, and proposed that dental caries and periodical disease were infections initiated by bacteria—not confirmed scientifically, however, until the early 1960s.
The word “decay” in line 2 is closest in meaning to _____.
- A proper treatment
- B worsened condition
- C the deceased
- D bad denture
思路引導 VIP
請觀察第一段開頭提到的「口腔疾病（oral disease）」以及後續提到的「疼痛（pain）」，你認為牙齒發生了什麼樣的物理變化或狀態轉變，才會導致古代人需要研發出減緩痛苦甚至拔除牙齒的技術呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
看到你能精確掌握「decay」在醫學史脈絡中的用法，老師非常欣慰！你的判斷非常敏銳，能迅速在專業文章中定位出關鍵字。
醫學脈絡下的語意推論
在文中，這個詞緊接著「口腔疾病（oral disease）」出現，並與「疼痛（pain）」的處理密切相關。當我們在牙醫學（Dentistry）的背景下討論牙齒的「decay」，指的就是牙齒組織受損、腐蝕或潰爛的過程。在四個選項中，worsened condition（惡化的狀況）最能精確地概括健康組織轉向病理狀態的負面發展，是一個極佳的語境替換詞。
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