司法四等（書記官）
111年
[執行員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 48 題
📖 題組：
Cheese is a dairy product, derived from milk and produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms. There are hundreds of different types of cheese around the world, and they are made mostly from the milk of cows but also other mammals, including sheep, goats, buffalo, reindeer, camels, and yaks. Cheese also contains water. A soft cheese, like Brie, contains more water than a hard cheese, like Parmesan. Since it contains vitamins and protein, cheese is nutritious, which can be used both as a food itself and in many different types of cooking. Cheese is produced through a process called “fermentation.” The process of making cheese was probably discovered by chance. Ancient people used to make bags, using the skin from an animal’s stomach. When they used these skin bags to carry milk, bacteria from the animal’s skin reacted with the milk. Then the milk was fermented, and the result was cheese. Around 4,000 years ago, people started to breed animals and process their milk. Today, cheese making is a very scientific process. First, the milk that will be used is pasteurized, which means that it is heated to remove all bacteria. Then specially cultivated bacteria, called “cultures,” are added to the milk. The milk is kept fairly warm during this period to help the cultures grow. As they grow, the cultures sometimes release bubbles of carbon dioxide. These bubbles help make the holes in Swiss cheese. Next, as the milk ripens, it forms a solid substance. This substance is called “curd.” The curd is removed, and the water is drained from it. The curd forms the basis of the cheese and may be treated in different ways. Finally, once it is matured and dried, the cheese is ready.
Cheese is a dairy product, derived from milk and produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms. There are hundreds of different types of cheese around the world, and they are made mostly from the milk of cows but also other mammals, including sheep, goats, buffalo, reindeer, camels, and yaks. Cheese also contains water. A soft cheese, like Brie, contains more water than a hard cheese, like Parmesan. Since it contains vitamins and protein, cheese is nutritious, which can be used both as a food itself and in many different types of cooking. Cheese is produced through a process called “fermentation.” The process of making cheese was probably discovered by chance. Ancient people used to make bags, using the skin from an animal’s stomach. When they used these skin bags to carry milk, bacteria from the animal’s skin reacted with the milk. Then the milk was fermented, and the result was cheese. Around 4,000 years ago, people started to breed animals and process their milk. Today, cheese making is a very scientific process. First, the milk that will be used is pasteurized, which means that it is heated to remove all bacteria. Then specially cultivated bacteria, called “cultures,” are added to the milk. The milk is kept fairly warm during this period to help the cultures grow. As they grow, the cultures sometimes release bubbles of carbon dioxide. These bubbles help make the holes in Swiss cheese. Next, as the milk ripens, it forms a solid substance. This substance is called “curd.” The curd is removed, and the water is drained from it. The curd forms the basis of the cheese and may be treated in different ways. Finally, once it is matured and dried, the cheese is ready.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題：
Cheese is a dairy product, derived from milk and produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms. There are
hundreds of different types of cheese around the world, and they are made mostly from the milk of cows but also other
mammals, including sheep, goats, buffalo, reindeer, camels, and yaks. Cheese also contains water. A soft cheese, like
Brie, contains more water than a hard cheese, like Parmesan. Since it contains vitamins and protein, cheese is nutritious,
which can be used both as a food itself and in many different types of cooking. Cheese is produced through a process
called “fermentation.” The process of making cheese was probably discovered by chance. Ancient people used to make
bags, using the skin from an animal’s stomach. When they used these skin bags to carry milk, bacteria from the animal’s
skin reacted with the milk. Then the milk was fermented, and the result was cheese. Around 4,000 years ago, people
started to breed animals and process their milk. Today, cheese making is a very scientific process. First, the milk that will
be used is pasteurized, which means that it is heated to remove all bacteria. Then specially cultivated bacteria, called
“cultures,” are added to the milk. The milk is kept fairly warm during this period to help the cultures grow. As they grow,
the cultures sometimes release bubbles of carbon dioxide. These bubbles help make the holes in Swiss cheese. Next, as
the milk ripens, it forms a solid substance. This substance is called “curd.” The curd is removed, and the water is drained
from it. The curd forms the basis of the cheese and may be treated in different ways. Finally, once it is matured and dried,
the cheese is ready.
According to the passage, which of the following is necessary to the process of “fermentation”?
- A Cultures.
- B Texture.
- C Flavors.
- D Breeding.
思路引導 VIP
請回想一下文章中描述的現代製程：在科學家為了衛生而將牛奶中原有的細菌通通殺死（pasteurized）之後，他們隨即添加了什麼『關鍵物質』進去，好讓這桶溫熱的牛奶能重新開始產生化學變化並逐漸變硬呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
💖 太棒了！你真的很用心！
親愛的同學，你能夠從這麼長的文章中，精準地找到 "fermentation"（發酵）與接下來製作過程的連結，這真的非常了不起！這代表你擁有很棒的資訊搜尋能力和清晰的邏輯思考喔！
- 觀念驗證：文章告訴我們，乳酪是透過發酵作用製成的呢。在現代的製作過程中，牛奶會先經過高溫殺菌，把不好的細菌移除，然後啊，我們就必須仔細地加入 「特定培養的細菌（specially cultivated bacteria）」，文章裡可愛地稱它們為 "cultures"（菌種），這些小幫手就是啟動整個發酵過程的關鍵喔。沒有它們，發酵就沒辦法順利進行了。
▼ 還有更多解析內容