司法四等（書記官）
111年
[執行員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 49 題
📖 題組：
Cheese is a dairy product, derived from milk and produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms. There are hundreds of different types of cheese around the world, and they are made mostly from the milk of cows but also other mammals, including sheep, goats, buffalo, reindeer, camels, and yaks. Cheese also contains water. A soft cheese, like Brie, contains more water than a hard cheese, like Parmesan. Since it contains vitamins and protein, cheese is nutritious, which can be used both as a food itself and in many different types of cooking. Cheese is produced through a process called “fermentation.” The process of making cheese was probably discovered by chance. Ancient people used to make bags, using the skin from an animal’s stomach. When they used these skin bags to carry milk, bacteria from the animal’s skin reacted with the milk. Then the milk was fermented, and the result was cheese. Around 4,000 years ago, people started to breed animals and process their milk. Today, cheese making is a very scientific process. First, the milk that will be used is pasteurized, which means that it is heated to remove all bacteria. Then specially cultivated bacteria, called “cultures,” are added to the milk. The milk is kept fairly warm during this period to help the cultures grow. As they grow, the cultures sometimes release bubbles of carbon dioxide. These bubbles help make the holes in Swiss cheese. Next, as the milk ripens, it forms a solid substance. This substance is called “curd.” The curd is removed, and the water is drained from it. The curd forms the basis of the cheese and may be treated in different ways. Finally, once it is matured and dried, the cheese is ready.
Cheese is a dairy product, derived from milk and produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms. There are hundreds of different types of cheese around the world, and they are made mostly from the milk of cows but also other mammals, including sheep, goats, buffalo, reindeer, camels, and yaks. Cheese also contains water. A soft cheese, like Brie, contains more water than a hard cheese, like Parmesan. Since it contains vitamins and protein, cheese is nutritious, which can be used both as a food itself and in many different types of cooking. Cheese is produced through a process called “fermentation.” The process of making cheese was probably discovered by chance. Ancient people used to make bags, using the skin from an animal’s stomach. When they used these skin bags to carry milk, bacteria from the animal’s skin reacted with the milk. Then the milk was fermented, and the result was cheese. Around 4,000 years ago, people started to breed animals and process their milk. Today, cheese making is a very scientific process. First, the milk that will be used is pasteurized, which means that it is heated to remove all bacteria. Then specially cultivated bacteria, called “cultures,” are added to the milk. The milk is kept fairly warm during this period to help the cultures grow. As they grow, the cultures sometimes release bubbles of carbon dioxide. These bubbles help make the holes in Swiss cheese. Next, as the milk ripens, it forms a solid substance. This substance is called “curd.” The curd is removed, and the water is drained from it. The curd forms the basis of the cheese and may be treated in different ways. Finally, once it is matured and dried, the cheese is ready.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題：
Cheese is a dairy product, derived from milk and produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms. There are
hundreds of different types of cheese around the world, and they are made mostly from the milk of cows but also other
mammals, including sheep, goats, buffalo, reindeer, camels, and yaks. Cheese also contains water. A soft cheese, like
Brie, contains more water than a hard cheese, like Parmesan. Since it contains vitamins and protein, cheese is nutritious,
which can be used both as a food itself and in many different types of cooking. Cheese is produced through a process
called “fermentation.” The process of making cheese was probably discovered by chance. Ancient people used to make
bags, using the skin from an animal’s stomach. When they used these skin bags to carry milk, bacteria from the animal’s
skin reacted with the milk. Then the milk was fermented, and the result was cheese. Around 4,000 years ago, people
started to breed animals and process their milk. Today, cheese making is a very scientific process. First, the milk that will
be used is pasteurized, which means that it is heated to remove all bacteria. Then specially cultivated bacteria, called
“cultures,” are added to the milk. The milk is kept fairly warm during this period to help the cultures grow. As they grow,
the cultures sometimes release bubbles of carbon dioxide. These bubbles help make the holes in Swiss cheese. Next, as
the milk ripens, it forms a solid substance. This substance is called “curd.” The curd is removed, and the water is drained
from it. The curd forms the basis of the cheese and may be treated in different ways. Finally, once it is matured and dried,
the cheese is ready.
According to the passage, which of the following does pasteurization require?
- A Adding cultures.
- B Freezing the milk.
- C Draining the curd.
- D Removing all bacteria.
思路引導 VIP
當你在閱讀科學性文章遇到一個不熟悉的專有名詞時，通常作者會在該詞彙的後方緊接著使用什麼樣的「引導詞」或「標點符號」來提供定義？請試著在文中找到那個關鍵說明動作，並思考該動作對牛奶中的「微小生物」產生了什麼影響？
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