司法四等
111年
[監所管理員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 48 題
📖 題組：
Cheese is a dairy product, derived from milk and produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms. There are hundreds of different types of cheese around the world, and they are made mostly from the milk of cows but also other mammals, including sheep, goats, buffalo, reindeer, camels, and yaks. Cheese also contains water. A soft cheese, like Brie, contains more water than a hard cheese, like Parmesan. Since it contains vitamins and protein, cheese is nutritious, which can be used both as a food itself and in many different types of cooking. Cheese is produced through a process called “fermentation.” The process of making cheese was probably discovered by chance. Ancient people used to make bags, using the skin from an animal’s stomach. When they used these skin bags to carry milk, bacteria from the animal’s skin reacted with the milk. Then the milk was fermented, and the result was cheese. Around 4,000 years ago, people started to breed animals and process their milk. Today, cheese making is a very scientific process. First, the milk that will be used is pasteurized, which means that it is heated to remove all bacteria. Then specially cultivated bacteria, called “cultures,” are added to the milk. The milk is kept fairly warm during this period to help the cultures grow. As they grow, the cultures sometimes release bubbles of carbon dioxide. These bubbles help make the holes in Swiss cheese. Next, as the milk ripens, it forms a solid substance. This substance is called “curd.” The curd is removed, and the water is drained from it. The curd forms the basis of the cheese and may be treated in different ways. Finally, once it is matured and dried, the cheese is ready.
Cheese is a dairy product, derived from milk and produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms. There are hundreds of different types of cheese around the world, and they are made mostly from the milk of cows but also other mammals, including sheep, goats, buffalo, reindeer, camels, and yaks. Cheese also contains water. A soft cheese, like Brie, contains more water than a hard cheese, like Parmesan. Since it contains vitamins and protein, cheese is nutritious, which can be used both as a food itself and in many different types of cooking. Cheese is produced through a process called “fermentation.” The process of making cheese was probably discovered by chance. Ancient people used to make bags, using the skin from an animal’s stomach. When they used these skin bags to carry milk, bacteria from the animal’s skin reacted with the milk. Then the milk was fermented, and the result was cheese. Around 4,000 years ago, people started to breed animals and process their milk. Today, cheese making is a very scientific process. First, the milk that will be used is pasteurized, which means that it is heated to remove all bacteria. Then specially cultivated bacteria, called “cultures,” are added to the milk. The milk is kept fairly warm during this period to help the cultures grow. As they grow, the cultures sometimes release bubbles of carbon dioxide. These bubbles help make the holes in Swiss cheese. Next, as the milk ripens, it forms a solid substance. This substance is called “curd.” The curd is removed, and the water is drained from it. The curd forms the basis of the cheese and may be treated in different ways. Finally, once it is matured and dried, the cheese is ready.
According to the passage, which of the following is necessary to the process of “fermentation”?
- A Cultures.
- B Texture.
- C Flavors.
- D Breeding.
思路引導 VIP
請試著在文中找出「乳酪製作」的具體步驟：當牛奶要從單純的液體轉化為具有風味的固體時，作者提到了哪一種「生物媒介」被加入其中，才啟動了整個轉化過程呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
✨ 太棒了！你答對了，真是細心又聰明！
- 觀念解析：你真的掌握了文章的重點呢！這題主要想確認你是否理解「發酵」(fermentation) 的核心概念。文章很清楚地告訴我們，乳酪的誕生都離不開微生物的幫助：不論是古代皮袋上天然的細菌，還是現代科技培育出的專業培養菌 (cultures)，它們都是促成神奇化學轉變的關鍵喔。所以，選 (A) 真是太正確了，你完全抓住了核心！
- 小助教悄悄話：這題的難度是 medium，你能夠答對，代表你很會把文章中的線索串聯起來！像這樣能將「細菌反應」和「Cultures」這兩個看似不同、實則相通的概念連結起來，並理解它們在生物轉換中的不可或缺性，是很棒的邏輯思考能力喔。繼續保持這份觀察力，你會越來越棒的！為你鼓掌！