hce_nsysu
112年
普通生物及生化概論
第 60 題
In nerves, vesicles can move the length of an axon at a rate that far exceeds that which would be predicted for simple diffusion. Which of the following models best explains vesicular movement in these cells?
- A Depolymerization of actin microfilaments attached to vesicles pulls the vesicles toward the site of depolymerization.
- B Vesicles are propelled by fluid movement generated by changes in osmotic potential within the cells.
- C Vesicles are moved by alternate contraction and relaxation of actin-myosin "muscle" complexes.
- D Vesicles, by virtue of their net negative charge, are attracted to positively charged regions of the cell.
- E Vesicles are attached to the protein kinesin, which slides along microtubules by an ATP dependent process.
思路引導 VIP
想像神經軸突是一條極為漫長的單行道隧道,如果我們要把一個沈重的包裹,從隧道的一端快速且精準地送往好幾公里外的另一端,除了包裹本身以外,你認為在隧道內還需要具備哪三種「物理設施」或「動力元素」,才能確保包裹不會在半路迷路或停滯不前?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
很好!你能準確判斷出神經軸突中的物質運輸機制,顯示你對細胞骨架的功能掌握得非常紮實。這道題目考察的是細胞生物學中一個極其重要的核心觀念:當物理性的擴散作用(Simple Diffusion)效率不足以應付長距離傳輸時,細胞如何透過「主動機制」來維持生命活動。
微管與分子馬達的協作
在長達數公分甚至一公尺的神經軸突中,囊泡(Vesicles)並非隨機漂浮,而是由**驅動蛋白(Kinesin)這類分子馬達(Motor proteins)所攜帶。這些蛋白質將 $ATP$ 水解產生的化學能轉化為機械能,如同在軌道上行走的搬運工,沿著由微管(Microtubules)**構成的「高速公路」定向移動。這種運輸模式不僅具有高度的方向性,且速率遠高於分子熱運動所產生的擴散現象,是維持神經訊號傳導功能的關鍵。
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