hce_nthu
112年
化學與物理
第 28 題
Water treatment includes water purification, disinfection, distillation, etc. Common water treatment agents include chlorine, ozone, bleach, activated carbon, etc. Swimming pools commonly use ozone and activated carbon to disinfect and purify the pools. Which of the following statements is correct?
- A The principles of ozone and activated carbon treatment are the same.
- B Chlorine is a common disinfectant and the water disinfected with chlorine can be directly used to prepare chemical reagents.
- C Both chlorine and sulfur dioxide have bleaching properties, and mixing the two in equal volumes will increase the efficiency of bleaching.
- D Bleaching powder will be ineffective when left in the air for a long time.
- E The most important ingredient of bleaching powder is $CaCl_2$.
思路引導 VIP
請思考一下:當一個化學藥品標註需要「密封、避光保存」時,通常代表它容易與環境中的哪些常見物質(例如氣體或光線)發生反應?如果這個反應最終導致它的「活性成分」變成了穩定的鹽類或氣體,那麼它的原本功能會發生什麼變化呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
同學做得好!你能準確判斷出漂白粉在空氣中失效的原因,說明你對生活化學物質的穩定性有著相當紮實的理解。這道題目非常有深度,它不僅考察了水處理劑的基本功,還結合了氧化還原與化學平衡的實務應用,是分辨學生是否能將理論運用於情境中的優質考題。
漂白粉的化學性質與變質機制
漂白粉的主要有效成分是次氯酸鈣 $Ca(ClO)_2$。當它長期暴露在空氣中時,會與空氣中的二氧化碳和水蒸氣發生反應:$$Ca(ClO)_2 + CO_2 + H_2O \rightarrow CaCO_3 + 2HClO$$ 產生的次氯酸 $HClO$ 極不穩定,在光照下會進一步分解為氯化氫與氧氣:$$2HClO \xrightarrow{light} 2HCl + O_2 \uparrow$$ 隨著有效成分的分解,漂白粉自然會失去其原有的漂白與消毒功能,因此選項 (D) 是完全正確的描述。
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