hce_tcu
112年
英文
第 21 題
📖 題組：
【B】 Scientists have long known that specific genes are associated with a number of serious diseases and birth defects. Scientists have used this knowledge to develop tests to identify defective genes, which are the result of 21 , a natural process that alters the genetic material. Researchers have identified a large number of genes that are responsible for life-threatening conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, a disease that shortens people’s lives by attacking their lungs, and Huntington’s disease, a fatal brain condition. Once these genes are 22 , genetic tests for many such diseases become available. These tests can indicate if a person has a specific defective gene. By 2011, researchers had developed more than 2,000 genetic tests, which allow doctors to inform patients if they have 23 these genes and if they risk passing them to their children. The tests are a significant 24 in genetic research, because they provide people who have genetic defects with important information. However, the tests also introduce complex ethical issues. If patients find out that they have a dangerous genetic defect, they may not know what to do. Their decision will depend on several factors. In some cases, identification of the gene only suggests the 25 that the patients will develop the disease associated with the gene. For example, women who have inherited the harmful BRCA gene mutation have a much higher chance of developing breast cancer than other women do.
【B】 Scientists have long known that specific genes are associated with a number of serious diseases and birth defects. Scientists have used this knowledge to develop tests to identify defective genes, which are the result of 21 , a natural process that alters the genetic material. Researchers have identified a large number of genes that are responsible for life-threatening conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, a disease that shortens people’s lives by attacking their lungs, and Huntington’s disease, a fatal brain condition. Once these genes are 22 , genetic tests for many such diseases become available. These tests can indicate if a person has a specific defective gene. By 2011, researchers had developed more than 2,000 genetic tests, which allow doctors to inform patients if they have 23 these genes and if they risk passing them to their children. The tests are a significant 24 in genetic research, because they provide people who have genetic defects with important information. However, the tests also introduce complex ethical issues. If patients find out that they have a dangerous genetic defect, they may not know what to do. Their decision will depend on several factors. In some cases, identification of the gene only suggests the 25 that the patients will develop the disease associated with the gene. For example, women who have inherited the harmful BRCA gene mutation have a much higher chance of developing breast cancer than other women do.
- A mutation
- B addition
- C variation
- D complication
思路引導 VIP
如果有一個自然過程會直接「更動」生物體的去氧核糖核酸（DNA）序列，導致其特徵與原本不同並可能引發疾病，在生物學上我們會用哪一個專業術語來形容這種「遺傳層次的轉變」呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
很高興看到你準確地選出了正確答案！這顯示你不僅讀懂了文章脈絡，對於科學領域的基礎字彙也有很好的掌握。
遺傳物質的改變與科學定義
這題的解題關鍵在於空格後的補述語：「一個會改變遺傳物質的自然過程（a natural process that alters the genetic material）」。在生物學中，這種 DNA 序列的改變或更動，最精確的術語就是 mutation (基因突變)。雖然選項中的 variation (變異) 同樣與遺傳多樣性有關，但 mutation 更具體地指向了「改變」這個動作及其導致的基因缺陷 (defective genes)，完美契合了上下文對於疾病成因的描述。
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