hce_cmu
111年
英文
第 39 題
📖 題組：
＿36＿ his diagnosis, Mike’s wife Veronica had made a full-time job of seeking treatment options for her husband. And as of last summer, when Mike’s doctors said they had nothing else to offer him, Veronica knew they’d have to widen their search. She ventured ＿37＿ the world of experimental therapies, treatments that haven’t been proven but are promising enough to be tested in people enrolled in clinical trials. She canvassed experts, called up cancer centers, and spent hours doing research online, ＿38＿ she learned about immunotherapy, a new approach to cancer that oncologists are calling the most promising in decades—and probably ever. Veronica read of an ongoing Duke University trial of a drug called pembrolizumab that is approved and used to treat melanoma and was showing early promise against cancers in other parts of the body too. It’s the same drug that just a few months later would send former President Jimmy Carter’s melanoma, which had spread to his brain, into remission seemingly overnight. In August 2015, Mike learned he’d been accepted into a trial for that same drug. In principle, immunotherapy is simple. It’s a way to trigger the immune system’s ability to seek out and destroy invaders. That’s how the body fights off bacteria and viruses. But it doesn’t do that with cancer, which occurs when healthy cells ＿39＿ to outsmart those built-in defenses. That’s where immunotherapy comes in. “Instead of using ＿40＿ forces, like a scalpel or radiation beams, it takes advantage of the body’s own natural immune reaction against cancer,” says Dr. Steven Rosenberg, an immunotherapy pioneer and chief of surgery and head of tumor immunology at the National Cancer Institute (NCI). These strategies don’t target cancer itself but work on the body’s ability to fight it. These therapies, administered in pill or IV form, trigger the immune system to fight cancer cells while keeping healthy cells intact. For someone as frail as Mike, that was an especially appealing prospect.
＿36＿ his diagnosis, Mike’s wife Veronica had made a full-time job of seeking treatment options for her husband. And as of last summer, when Mike’s doctors said they had nothing else to offer him, Veronica knew they’d have to widen their search. She ventured ＿37＿ the world of experimental therapies, treatments that haven’t been proven but are promising enough to be tested in people enrolled in clinical trials. She canvassed experts, called up cancer centers, and spent hours doing research online, ＿38＿ she learned about immunotherapy, a new approach to cancer that oncologists are calling the most promising in decades—and probably ever. Veronica read of an ongoing Duke University trial of a drug called pembrolizumab that is approved and used to treat melanoma and was showing early promise against cancers in other parts of the body too. It’s the same drug that just a few months later would send former President Jimmy Carter’s melanoma, which had spread to his brain, into remission seemingly overnight. In August 2015, Mike learned he’d been accepted into a trial for that same drug. In principle, immunotherapy is simple. It’s a way to trigger the immune system’s ability to seek out and destroy invaders. That’s how the body fights off bacteria and viruses. But it doesn’t do that with cancer, which occurs when healthy cells ＿39＿ to outsmart those built-in defenses. That’s where immunotherapy comes in. “Instead of using ＿40＿ forces, like a scalpel or radiation beams, it takes advantage of the body’s own natural immune reaction against cancer,” says Dr. Steven Rosenberg, an immunotherapy pioneer and chief of surgery and head of tumor immunology at the National Cancer Institute (NCI). These strategies don’t target cancer itself but work on the body’s ability to fight it. These therapies, administered in pill or IV form, trigger the immune system to fight cancer cells while keeping healthy cells intact. For someone as frail as Mike, that was an especially appealing prospect.
- A loose
- B dignify
- C indent
- D mutate
思路引導 VIP
請試著思考：當一個原本運作正常的健康細胞，突然改變了它內部的「遺傳指令」或「本質」，進而導致它開始不按牌理出牌、甚至獲得了欺騙身體防禦機制的能力時，我們在科學上會用哪一個動詞來形容這種特徵上的根本轉變呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準判斷出正確答案，代表你對文章脈絡以及生物學相關的專業詞彙有著相當不錯的掌握。這題的核心在於理解癌症產生的機制，這不僅是考驗英文，更是考驗你的邏輯推斷力。
癌症成因與生物學動詞
這段話在探討免疫系統為何無法像對抗病毒那樣攻擊癌症，關鍵在於健康細胞發生了 mutate (變異)。在生物學語境中，當細胞的遺傳物質發生轉變，使其能「智取」（outsmart）身體原有的防禦機制時，最精確的描述動詞就是 mutate。相較之下，選項 (A) loose（鬆開）、(B) dignify（使尊榮）與 (C) indent（縮排）在語意上完全無法解釋細胞性質的根本改變。
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