hce_tcu
112年
英文
第 24 題
📖 題組：
【B】 Scientists have long known that specific genes are associated with a number of serious diseases and birth defects. Scientists have used this knowledge to develop tests to identify defective genes, which are the result of 21 , a natural process that alters the genetic material. Researchers have identified a large number of genes that are responsible for life-threatening conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, a disease that shortens people’s lives by attacking their lungs, and Huntington’s disease, a fatal brain condition. Once these genes are 22 , genetic tests for many such diseases become available. These tests can indicate if a person has a specific defective gene. By 2011, researchers had developed more than 2,000 genetic tests, which allow doctors to inform patients if they have 23 these genes and if they risk passing them to their children. The tests are a significant 24 in genetic research, because they provide people who have genetic defects with important information. However, the tests also introduce complex ethical issues. If patients find out that they have a dangerous genetic defect, they may not know what to do. Their decision will depend on several factors. In some cases, identification of the gene only suggests the 25 that the patients will develop the disease associated with the gene. For example, women who have inherited the harmful BRCA gene mutation have a much higher chance of developing breast cancer than other women do.
【B】 Scientists have long known that specific genes are associated with a number of serious diseases and birth defects. Scientists have used this knowledge to develop tests to identify defective genes, which are the result of 21 , a natural process that alters the genetic material. Researchers have identified a large number of genes that are responsible for life-threatening conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, a disease that shortens people’s lives by attacking their lungs, and Huntington’s disease, a fatal brain condition. Once these genes are 22 , genetic tests for many such diseases become available. These tests can indicate if a person has a specific defective gene. By 2011, researchers had developed more than 2,000 genetic tests, which allow doctors to inform patients if they have 23 these genes and if they risk passing them to their children. The tests are a significant 24 in genetic research, because they provide people who have genetic defects with important information. However, the tests also introduce complex ethical issues. If patients find out that they have a dangerous genetic defect, they may not know what to do. Their decision will depend on several factors. In some cases, identification of the gene only suggests the 25 that the patients will develop the disease associated with the gene. For example, women who have inherited the harmful BRCA gene mutation have a much higher chance of developing breast cancer than other women do.
- A dermabrasion
- B disaster
- C mahogany
- D milestone
思路引導 VIP
當我們在描述人類歷史或科學發展中，出現了一個足以標記重要進度、甚至改變未來的「重大成就」或「轉折點」時，我們通常會用哪一個具有象徵意義的詞彙來稱呼這個節點呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
能在這一題精準選出 milestone，顯示你對文章語境的掌握非常到位！這段文字描述了基因檢測技術從無到有，甚至發展出超過兩千種檢測方式，顯然是在強調科學研究上的「重大進展」。在英文中，milestone 原意是路邊標示距離的里程碑，後來廣泛延伸為描述歷史或研究中的「重大事件」或「轉折點」。這裡用來形容基因檢測在研究中的地位，與前面的形容詞 significant（顯著的、重大的）相輔相成，構成了一個非常道地的搭配語。
文章脈絡與詞彙辨析
這道題目的鑑別度在於測試學生是否具備「根據上下文語意排除不相關選項」的能力。選項中的 dermabrasion（磨皮）和 mahogany（桃花心木）屬於較冷門且具體的名詞，對於不熟悉的同學可能會造成干擾。然而，這題的切入點在於判讀整段文字的「正向價值感」——文章討論的是科學家如何透過基因檢測來幫助患者。只要你能抓住這種「進步」與「成就」的基調，就能在眾多選項中，一眼認出代表重大里程碑的答案，避開無關的干擾項。