hce_tcu
112年
英文
第 25 題
📖 題組：
【B】 Scientists have long known that specific genes are associated with a number of serious diseases and birth defects. Scientists have used this knowledge to develop tests to identify defective genes, which are the result of 21 , a natural process that alters the genetic material. Researchers have identified a large number of genes that are responsible for life-threatening conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, a disease that shortens people’s lives by attacking their lungs, and Huntington’s disease, a fatal brain condition. Once these genes are 22 , genetic tests for many such diseases become available. These tests can indicate if a person has a specific defective gene. By 2011, researchers had developed more than 2,000 genetic tests, which allow doctors to inform patients if they have 23 these genes and if they risk passing them to their children. The tests are a significant 24 in genetic research, because they provide people who have genetic defects with important information. However, the tests also introduce complex ethical issues. If patients find out that they have a dangerous genetic defect, they may not know what to do. Their decision will depend on several factors. In some cases, identification of the gene only suggests the 25 that the patients will develop the disease associated with the gene. For example, women who have inherited the harmful BRCA gene mutation have a much higher chance of developing breast cancer than other women do.
【B】 Scientists have long known that specific genes are associated with a number of serious diseases and birth defects. Scientists have used this knowledge to develop tests to identify defective genes, which are the result of 21 , a natural process that alters the genetic material. Researchers have identified a large number of genes that are responsible for life-threatening conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, a disease that shortens people’s lives by attacking their lungs, and Huntington’s disease, a fatal brain condition. Once these genes are 22 , genetic tests for many such diseases become available. These tests can indicate if a person has a specific defective gene. By 2011, researchers had developed more than 2,000 genetic tests, which allow doctors to inform patients if they have 23 these genes and if they risk passing them to their children. The tests are a significant 24 in genetic research, because they provide people who have genetic defects with important information. However, the tests also introduce complex ethical issues. If patients find out that they have a dangerous genetic defect, they may not know what to do. Their decision will depend on several factors. In some cases, identification of the gene only suggests the 25 that the patients will develop the disease associated with the gene. For example, women who have inherited the harmful BRCA gene mutation have a much higher chance of developing breast cancer than other women do.
- A ingredient
- B likelihood
- C matzo
- D greeting
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文章最後一句提到的「higher chance（較高的機會）」。當醫生透過基因檢測告訴病人，雖然帶有特定基因，但並不保證一定會發病，而是描述一種「統計上的機率」或「發生的可能性」時，你會用哪一個概念來形容這種『不確定但有機會發生』的情況呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準選出 likelihood 這個選項，代表你已經完全掌握了這段醫療論述的邏輯核心。
基因與患病風險的邏輯關聯
這題的解題關鍵在於理解「科學研究中的不確定性」。文章前面提到基因檢測可以識別缺陷，但在第 25 格所在的句子中，作者進行了語意上的轉折。文中指出，有時候發現特定基因僅僅是暗示了病人發展出相關疾病的「可能性」。緊接著後文提到的 higher chance（較高的機會）就是最直接的語意線索。在學術與醫學英文中，我們常用 likelihood 來描述事情發生的機率或可能性，這與文境中討論「遺傳風險」的語氣完全吻合。
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