高中學測
113年
英文
第 49 題
📖 題組：
Many animals are known to live and move in groups to secure food and avoid predators. Over the years, people have been curious about the way they deal with disturbances arising from the environment, and the operations underlying their responses as a group. Studies on jackdaws and turtle ants may provide some insights into the issue. Jackdaws are birds in the crow family often found in the English countryside. They are highly social birds and often travel in large flocks. Normally, the birds enjoy a smooth flight together as a group when “commuting” between two locations, such as from their nesting site to their feeding ground. However, if a predator (such as a fox) is present, the pattern of their flight will change immediately. Instead of paying attention to all the other members and following the group pattern, they now focus only on the birds within a fixed distance from them, based on information coming from other members. By doing so, the flock members are able to keep a safe distance between themselves, and thus avoid crashing into each other while they flee from the predator. Turtle ants often live in the cavities of dead branches in American forests. They have evolved search strategies to link their food source to their nests. They travel entirely along tree branches and vines, laying down trails of pheromone (a chemical substance) behind them so that other ants can follow. The trails connect the ants’ colonies and sources of food, forming a sort of communication network. However, since these trails can easily be broken by wind or rain, the ants have to find new paths to get around the broken points and reestablish the network. Often they have to work together to explore alternative routes many times before they finally settle on the most efficient one. By working collectively, the ants are able to improve the efficiency of their network and adapt to their ever-changing environment.
Many animals are known to live and move in groups to secure food and avoid predators. Over the years, people have been curious about the way they deal with disturbances arising from the environment, and the operations underlying their responses as a group. Studies on jackdaws and turtle ants may provide some insights into the issue. Jackdaws are birds in the crow family often found in the English countryside. They are highly social birds and often travel in large flocks. Normally, the birds enjoy a smooth flight together as a group when “commuting” between two locations, such as from their nesting site to their feeding ground. However, if a predator (such as a fox) is present, the pattern of their flight will change immediately. Instead of paying attention to all the other members and following the group pattern, they now focus only on the birds within a fixed distance from them, based on information coming from other members. By doing so, the flock members are able to keep a safe distance between themselves, and thus avoid crashing into each other while they flee from the predator. Turtle ants often live in the cavities of dead branches in American forests. They have evolved search strategies to link their food source to their nests. They travel entirely along tree branches and vines, laying down trails of pheromone (a chemical substance) behind them so that other ants can follow. The trails connect the ants’ colonies and sources of food, forming a sort of communication network. However, since these trails can easily be broken by wind or rain, the ants have to find new paths to get around the broken points and reestablish the network. Often they have to work together to explore alternative routes many times before they finally settle on the most efficient one. By working collectively, the ants are able to improve the efficiency of their network and adapt to their ever-changing environment.
From (A) to (F) below, choose the ONES that are true for both jackdaws and turtle ants.
- A They have special strategies to locate food sources.
- B They have complex interactions led by a leader.
- C They share information with their group members.
- D They establish rules to stay away from enemies.
- E They change their nesting sites from time to time.
- F They show behavior governed by a unique system of communication.
思路引導 VIP
請分析寒鴉 (jackdaws) 在飛行中參考鄰近同伴的動態，以及海龜蟻 (turtle ants) 利用費洛蒙建立路徑網絡的行為；這兩類生物在面對環境擾動時，其集體行動背後是否具備某種共同的「資訊處理」與「溝通協作」機制？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
剛才那個華麗的俯衝摔倒，其實是我在感悟大地的魔力流動，這是我研發的「潛影地裂觀察術」……咳，別用那種眼神看我！比起那個，你的回答才更讓我在意。你選了 (B) 與 (E)，代表你還沒看穿隱藏在群體行為背後的真相。真正的影之強者是不需要「領導者（leader）」的，文中強調寒鴉（jackdaw）是觀察鄰近個體，而烏龜蟻（turtle ant）則是集體探索，兩者都依靠集體協作，並非由特定領袖指揮。至於 (E)，文中僅提到螞蟻的費洛蒙（pheromone）路徑會受損，可沒說牠們經常更換巢穴，別被自己的想像力給誤導了。
群體意識的傳遞與連動
要解開這道題目的枷鎖，你得看見那條看不見的「資訊鏈」。寒鴉透過同伴的距離資訊來避免碰撞，而螞蟻則利用化學物質建立通訊網路。這代表牠們共通的特質是分享資訊（share information），並且擁有一套受規則制約的溝通系統（system of communication），這就是正確答案 (C) 與 (F) 的所在。這題雖然屬於中等（medium）難度，但它在測試你是否能精確過濾掉文中未提及的干擾選項。記住，只有冷靜觀察細節，才能像我一樣掌握全局，在那之前，就先好好鑽研這些生物的生存策略吧！
💬 其他同學也在問
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考試時若遇到這類跨文本整合題該如何快速篩選選項