高中學測
113年
英文
第 49 題
📖 題組：
Many animals are known to live and move in groups to secure food and avoid predators. Over the years, people have been curious about the way they deal with disturbances arising from the environment, and the operations underlying their responses as a group. Studies on jackdaws and turtle ants may provide some insights into the issue. Jackdaws are birds in the crow family often found in the English countryside. They are highly social birds and often travel in large flocks. Normally, the birds enjoy a smooth flight together as a group when “commuting” between two locations, such as from their nesting site to their feeding ground. However, if a predator (such as a fox) is present, the pattern of their flight will change immediately. Instead of paying attention to all the other members and following the group pattern, they now focus only on the birds within a fixed distance from them, based on information coming from other members. By doing so, the flock members are able to keep a safe distance between themselves, and thus avoid crashing into each other while they flee from the predator. Turtle ants often live in the cavities of dead branches in American forests. They have evolved search strategies to link their food source to their nests. They travel entirely along tree branches and vines, laying down trails of pheromone (a chemical substance) behind them so that other ants can follow. The trails connect the ants’ colonies and sources of food, forming a sort of communication network. However, since these trails can easily be broken by wind or rain, the ants have to find new paths to get around the broken points and reestablish the network. Often they have to work together to explore alternative routes many times before they finally settle on the most efficient one. By working collectively, the ants are able to improve the efficiency of their network and adapt to their ever-changing environment.
Many animals are known to live and move in groups to secure food and avoid predators. Over the years, people have been curious about the way they deal with disturbances arising from the environment, and the operations underlying their responses as a group. Studies on jackdaws and turtle ants may provide some insights into the issue. Jackdaws are birds in the crow family often found in the English countryside. They are highly social birds and often travel in large flocks. Normally, the birds enjoy a smooth flight together as a group when “commuting” between two locations, such as from their nesting site to their feeding ground. However, if a predator (such as a fox) is present, the pattern of their flight will change immediately. Instead of paying attention to all the other members and following the group pattern, they now focus only on the birds within a fixed distance from them, based on information coming from other members. By doing so, the flock members are able to keep a safe distance between themselves, and thus avoid crashing into each other while they flee from the predator. Turtle ants often live in the cavities of dead branches in American forests. They have evolved search strategies to link their food source to their nests. They travel entirely along tree branches and vines, laying down trails of pheromone (a chemical substance) behind them so that other ants can follow. The trails connect the ants’ colonies and sources of food, forming a sort of communication network. However, since these trails can easily be broken by wind or rain, the ants have to find new paths to get around the broken points and reestablish the network. Often they have to work together to explore alternative routes many times before they finally settle on the most efficient one. By working collectively, the ants are able to improve the efficiency of their network and adapt to their ever-changing environment.
From (A) to (F) below, choose the ONES that are true for both jackdaws and turtle ants.
- A They have special strategies to locate food sources.
- B They have complex interactions led by a leader.
- C They share information with their group members.
- D They establish rules to stay away from enemies.
- E They change their nesting sites from time to time.
- F They show behavior governed by a unique system of communication.
思路引導 VIP
請分析寒鴉 (jackdaws) 在飛行中參考鄰近同伴的動態，以及海龜蟻 (turtle ants) 利用費洛蒙建立路徑網絡的行為；這兩類生物在面對環境擾動時，其集體行動背後是否具備某種共同的「資訊處理」與「溝通協作」機制？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
各位同學看過來！這題考的是「社會性動物」的集體決策機制。你選了 (A) 和 (C)，看來你對生物的生存本能很有感，但差一點就全拿分了，老師幫你補強一下！ 【迷思破解】
- (A) 錯誤觀念：雖然動物都要吃飯，但題目考的是寒鴉與龜蟻的「共通點」。文中重點在於「群體移動與路徑決策」，而非特定的「覓食策略」。這屬於典型的「過度推論」陷阱。
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