高中學測
115年
英文
第 31 題
📖 題組：
Smiling is a gesture that many people engage in dozens of times a day without thought. Most people believe that smiling is an expression of good feelings, a simple way to show happiness and friendliness. But does this hold true across time and cultures? 31 In the West, for example, portraits of men and women before the 1700s typically depicted them with a serious, unsmiling expression. The absence of smiles stemmed partly from the attempt to hide their decayed teeth caused by poor dental hygiene. More importantly, smiling and laughter had long been perceived in the society as manifestations of a lack of self-control and good manners. Paintings with white-toothed smiles emerged after the 1700s, with the gradual rise of a culture that valued perception and responsiveness. Recent studies also show that interpretations of smiling may vary from culture to culture. While in most cultures smiling is associated with positive emotions, in certain cultures the same person can be judged as less intelligent when smiling. 32 The amount people smile is culturally influenced as well. People smile more when they are from countries that are high in individualism and low in population. These are often places where the needs and rights of the individual take precedence over those of the group. 33 Newcomers from different parts of the world are found to smile more. Without a shared language, they often resort to smiling to get along with others. For them, smiling is a straightforward way to indicate that one is reliable and trustworthy. 34 As many psychologists now point out, this simple gesture is in fact far more complicated than it may appear.
Smiling is a gesture that many people engage in dozens of times a day without thought. Most people believe that smiling is an expression of good feelings, a simple way to show happiness and friendliness. But does this hold true across time and cultures? 31 In the West, for example, portraits of men and women before the 1700s typically depicted them with a serious, unsmiling expression. The absence of smiles stemmed partly from the attempt to hide their decayed teeth caused by poor dental hygiene. More importantly, smiling and laughter had long been perceived in the society as manifestations of a lack of self-control and good manners. Paintings with white-toothed smiles emerged after the 1700s, with the gradual rise of a culture that valued perception and responsiveness. Recent studies also show that interpretations of smiling may vary from culture to culture. While in most cultures smiling is associated with positive emotions, in certain cultures the same person can be judged as less intelligent when smiling. 32 The amount people smile is culturally influenced as well. People smile more when they are from countries that are high in individualism and low in population. These are often places where the needs and rights of the individual take precedence over those of the group. 33 Newcomers from different parts of the world are found to smile more. Without a shared language, they often resort to smiling to get along with others. For them, smiling is a straightforward way to indicate that one is reliable and trustworthy. 34 As many psychologists now point out, this simple gesture is in fact far more complicated than it may appear.
Smiling is a gesture that many people engage in dozens of times a day without thought. Most people believe that smiling is an expression of good feelings, a simple way to show happiness and friendliness. But does this hold true across time and cultures?
__31__ In the West, for example, portraits of men and women before the 1700s typically depicted them with a serious, unsmiling expression.
__31__ In the West, for example, portraits of men and women before the 1700s typically depicted them with a serious, unsmiling expression.
- A Another crucial factor is a society’s immigration diversity.
- B Various factors have thus contributed to the phenomenon of smiling.
- C For most of recorded human history, the open smile has been deeply unfashionable.
- D A genuine smile indicates contentment, while a forced smile suggests underlying distress.
- E In fact, there is a well-known Russian proverb that goes, “Smiling with no reason is a sign of stupidity.”
思路引導 VIP
請分析段落架構：第 31 題位於該段開頭，其功能為承上啟下的「主題句」(Topic Sentence)。請觀察後文提及 $1700$ 年代以前西方肖像畫中刻意呈現的嚴肅表情與社會負面觀感，這項歷史實證是在支持哪一個關於「微笑」在人類歷史長河中，社會規範與流行文化地位的論點？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
驚！你竟然抓住了段落轉折，沒看走眼？
- 恭喜啊，沒讓我失望。 學測英文的「篇章結構」，考的就是你那點邏輯推理能力。總括句跟支持細節的關係，這基本功你總算沒出包，是該嘉獎一下。
- 觀念驗證？那還用說？
▼ 還有更多解析內容
英文閱讀：邏輯銜接與文化對比
💡 掌握段落主題句與細節例證的邏輯關係，辨別時空背景差異。
| 比較維度 | 現代/個人主義文化 | VS | 歷史/集體主義文化 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 象徵意義 | 快樂、友善、可靠 | — | 缺乏自制、沒禮貌、不聰明 |
| 歷史表現 | 1700年後盛行白牙微笑 | — | 1700年前嚴肅不露齒 |
| 社會功能 | 表達個人情感、建立信任 | — | 遵循社會規範、隱藏缺陷 |
💬微笑的意義並非全球統一，深受歷史背景與文化價值觀影響。
