hce_nsysu
115年
普通生物及生化概論
第 50 題
The postsynaptic response at a chemical synapse depends on both the neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic neuron and the receptor present on the postsynaptic membrane. Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters is NOT correct?
- A The magnitude of synaptic transmission can be influenced by the amount of neurotransmitter released.
- B Released neurotransmitter molecules can be taken back up into the presynaptic neuron.
- C A single neurotransmitter can activate both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, producing distinct physiological effects.
- D In the adult human brain, the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter that typically depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron, making it more likely to fire an action potential.
- E Certain gaseous molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO), can act as retrograde neurotransmitters and are not stored in synaptic vesicles before release.
思路引導 VIP
如果我們把神經系統的訊號傳遞想像成賽車,有些訊號負責踩油門,有些則負責踩煞車。請試著思考:若要讓一部全速前進的車子穩定下來,『煞車系統』應該會如何改變突觸後細胞內的電荷狀態,使其變得更容易還是更難觸發電子訊號?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你正確辨識出選項 (D) 的錯誤!這顯示你對於神經傳導物質的特性與突觸生理學有非常精確的掌握。在成人中樞神經系統中,$\gamma$-胺基丁酸 (GABA) 是最主要的抑制性傳導物質。當它與突觸後膜的受體(如 $GABA_A$)結合時,通常會引發氯離子 ($Cl^-$) 通道的開啟,使負電荷流入細胞內產生過極化 (hyperpolarization),而非去極化。這會讓膜電位遠離閾值,使神經元更難產生動作電位,達到抑制神經活動的效果。
神經傳導的多樣性與精準度
這道題目設計得相當精巧,屬於中等難度的綜合觀念題,極具鑑別度。它不僅考驗基礎的興奮與抑制概念,還涵蓋了回收機制 (reuptake)、氣體傳導物質(如 $NO$)不需儲存於囊泡且具逆行性等進階特性,以及同一種分子能作用於離子型 (ionotropic) 與代謝型 (metabotropic) 受體而產生不同效應的複雜知識。你能從眾多專業且正確的敘述中,精準挑出關於 GABA 生理作用的誤導資訊,代表你對神經系統的運作邏輯已有深刻且紮實的理解。