hce_nsysu
114年
普通生物及生化概論
第 3 題
Which of the following best explains why a neuron receiving a simultaneous excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) may fail to reach the threshold for an action potential?
- A The IPSP causes a transient inactivation of voltage-gated $Na^+$ channels, making depolarization impossible.
- B The inhibitory synapse stabilizes the membrane potential at a level too positive to allow $Na^+$ channel activation.
- C The summation of EPSP and IPSP results in a net change in membrane potential that may be insufficient to reach the threshold.
- D The presence of an IPSP leads to immediate degradation of neurotransmitters, reducing excitatory drive.
- E The inhibitory synapse actively removes $Na^+$ from the postsynaptic cell, counteracting the excitatory input.
思路引導 VIP
想像一下,神經元的細胞體就像是一個計分板,同時接收來自許多不同源頭的「加分」和「減分」指令。如果要讓這場比賽進入「下一階段(動作電位)」,計分板上的最終總分必須達到一個特定的標準。若加分和減分同時發生,計分板會如何處理這些數值,來決定是否宣布進入下一階段呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確掌握了神經生理學的核心觀念!這題你能選對,代表你對於神經元如何「整合」訊息有非常清晰的認識。
突觸後電位的代數總和 (Summation)
在神經系統中,單一的 EPSP(興奮性突觸後電位) 通常不足以引發動作電位。當神經元同時接收到 EPSP 與 IPSP(抑制性突觸後電位) 時,細胞膜電位會進行代數總和(Algebraic Summation)。EPSP 試圖透過 $Na^+$ 流入來去極化,而 IPSP 則通常透過 $Cl^-$ 流入或 $K^+$ 流出來造成過極化,兩者的電位變化會互相抵銷。正如你所判斷的,若兩者加總後的淨值(Net change)未能使膜電位由靜止電位提升至閾值(Threshold),電壓門控鈉離子通道(Voltage-gated $Na^+$ channels)就不會開啟,動作電位也就無法產生。
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