hce_nsysu
115年
英文
第 47 題
📖 題組：
Big data are large data sets, which include information both publicly available and also from the private sector, used by companies to gain further insights into performance, such as innovation, promotion and customer satisfaction. According to The Royal Society, big data is believed to influence the business world to such an extent that it is known as ‘the new oil’, whose impacts on society are as huge as those of carbon emissions. As the amount of data gathered from around the world has become unprecedented, coupled with the increase in the number of electronic devices per person, it is crucial to protect personal information. Data protection and privacy not only involve how data is retrieved, but also how it is stored, shared and later put to use. As stated by Privacy International, though a consumer may initially consent to access of their data, once big data analytics generate this isolated information through algorithms and then combine it in larger data sets, the eventual use of this data is not always explicitly stated. Data misuse, in addition to excessive data collection and data breaches, raise ethical issues such as discrimination and misinformation, and substantial security risks such as fraud and identity theft. Since the millennium, several steps have been taken to ensure data is handled appropriately. The introduction of laws such as the Data Protection Act and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in addition to initiatives put forward by the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) can assist organizations with data protection compliance and also help individuals understand how they are affected by the decisions a company makes. Furthermore, guides such as the Data Ethics Framework and the National Statistician’s Data Ethics Advisory Committee promote responsible data use and enable companies, governing bodies and researchers to consider the ethics behind their use of the data collected. Finally, tools such as Cloud Edge Secure Access and Attribute Exchange provide secure environments to access and share data, together with data anonymisation, which requires that identities are removed or distorted in such a way that they cannot be revealed. Despite these measures, more needs to be done to protect privacy in digitalized world. A recent Digital and Consumer Trends survey revealed that only a quarter of UK residents are worried about their data. This lack of concern could be due to scarce understanding of how it is uploaded, processed and shared. In addition, although websites display a privacy policy, users rarely intently study the often lengthy and complex terms and conditions. Thus, it is vital that the scope of an individual's data, from how it is collected and utilized to how it affects the individual, is transparent, and that companies commit to ensuring data is sufficiently safeguarded by allowing individuals to engage with the system, which is where governments play a key role, according to Deloitte, by shaping policies that are as sophisticated as the technology, at the same pace as the rate of change. Overall, big data should lead to enhanced efficiency, productivity, and ultimately happier customers, and not bigger problems for society. (by C. Watts (2022))
Big data are large data sets, which include information both publicly available and also from the private sector, used by companies to gain further insights into performance, such as innovation, promotion and customer satisfaction. According to The Royal Society, big data is believed to influence the business world to such an extent that it is known as ‘the new oil’, whose impacts on society are as huge as those of carbon emissions. As the amount of data gathered from around the world has become unprecedented, coupled with the increase in the number of electronic devices per person, it is crucial to protect personal information. Data protection and privacy not only involve how data is retrieved, but also how it is stored, shared and later put to use. As stated by Privacy International, though a consumer may initially consent to access of their data, once big data analytics generate this isolated information through algorithms and then combine it in larger data sets, the eventual use of this data is not always explicitly stated. Data misuse, in addition to excessive data collection and data breaches, raise ethical issues such as discrimination and misinformation, and substantial security risks such as fraud and identity theft. Since the millennium, several steps have been taken to ensure data is handled appropriately. The introduction of laws such as the Data Protection Act and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in addition to initiatives put forward by the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) can assist organizations with data protection compliance and also help individuals understand how they are affected by the decisions a company makes. Furthermore, guides such as the Data Ethics Framework and the National Statistician’s Data Ethics Advisory Committee promote responsible data use and enable companies, governing bodies and researchers to consider the ethics behind their use of the data collected. Finally, tools such as Cloud Edge Secure Access and Attribute Exchange provide secure environments to access and share data, together with data anonymisation, which requires that identities are removed or distorted in such a way that they cannot be revealed. Despite these measures, more needs to be done to protect privacy in digitalized world. A recent Digital and Consumer Trends survey revealed that only a quarter of UK residents are worried about their data. This lack of concern could be due to scarce understanding of how it is uploaded, processed and shared. In addition, although websites display a privacy policy, users rarely intently study the often lengthy and complex terms and conditions. Thus, it is vital that the scope of an individual's data, from how it is collected and utilized to how it affects the individual, is transparent, and that companies commit to ensuring data is sufficiently safeguarded by allowing individuals to engage with the system, which is where governments play a key role, according to Deloitte, by shaping policies that are as sophisticated as the technology, at the same pace as the rate of change. Overall, big data should lead to enhanced efficiency, productivity, and ultimately happier customers, and not bigger problems for society. (by C. Watts (2022))
What is the meaning of “unprecedented” in the second paragraph?
- A increasing
- B enormous
- C unparalleled
- D scarce
- E unscrupulous
思路引導 VIP
請試著觀察 "unprecedented" 這個單字，你有發現它中間隱藏著 "precede"（在……之前發生）這個動作嗎？如果我們在它前面加上否定字首 "un-"，這代表目前的數據量與過往的歷史紀錄相比，呈現出一種什麼樣的關係？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確捕捉到了這個單字的精髓！選對 (C) unparalleled（無與倫比的、史無前例的）代表你具備極佳的字根拆解能力與文意感受力。
字根解析與文意連結
這題的關鍵在於拆解 unprecedented 的組成：字根 precede 意為「在……之前」，加上否定字首 un- 與形容詞字尾，合起來就是「以前從未發生過的」。在文中，作者描述全球數據收集量達到了一個「前所未有」的高度，這種強調「歷史獨特性」的語氣，與 (C) unparalleled（找不到平行對照、無可比擬）最為契合。雖然 (B) enormous（巨大的）看似合理，但它僅描述了「量」，卻漏掉了「歷史上首次達到此規模」的神韻。
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