hce_cmu
105年
英文
第 49 題
📖 題組：
Tens of millions of young people who enter the workforce each year could be the key that finally unlocks India’s vast potential. Millions will be lifted out of poverty if they are able to find good jobs. But unless India makes big improvements in how it educates and trains students, this demographic boom could instead saddle the country with another generation of unskilled workers destined to languish in low-paying jobs. The need to train workers up is paramount. Currently only 2% of India’s workers have received formal skills training, according to Ernst & Young. That compares with 68% in the U.K., 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea. It is a problem spreading across industries. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors estimates that in 2010, India needed nearly 4 million civil engineers, but only 509,000 professionals had the right skills for the jobs. By 2020, India will have only 778,000 civil engineers for 4.6 million slots. There is a similar gap among architects. India will have only 17% of the 427,000 professionals it needs in 2020. What caused the problem? The RICS found that India’s education and professional development system has not kept pace with economic growth and is in “dire need for reform.” In industry after industry, the same story is repeated. A recent survey by Aspiring Minds, which tracks workforce preparedness, found that more than 80% of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were “unemployable.” Critics say that India’s universities are too focused on rote memorization, leaving students without the critical thinking skills required to solve problems. Teachers are paid low salaries, leading to poor quality of instruction. When students are denied entry to prestigious state schools, they often turn to less rigorous private colleges. “When IT industries boomed in India a few years ago, many below-the-mark private colleges emerged to cater to their needs,” said Alakh N. Sharma, director at the Institute for Human Development. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is racing to provide workers with training. His government is recruiting skills instructors, and turning old schools into learning centers. Programs strewn across various government agencies are being consolidated. Companies in the private sector are pitching in to help provide training. The most pressing need, however, might be in primary education. Pupils in India are expected to perform two-digit subtraction by the age of seven, but only 50% are able to correctly count up to 100. Only 30% of the same students are able to read a text designed for fiveyear-olds, according to education foundation Pathram. If the country’s unique demographics are to pay dividends, improvement is a lesson to be learned quickly.
Tens of millions of young people who enter the workforce each year could be the key that finally unlocks India’s vast potential. Millions will be lifted out of poverty if they are able to find good jobs. But unless India makes big improvements in how it educates and trains students, this demographic boom could instead saddle the country with another generation of unskilled workers destined to languish in low-paying jobs. The need to train workers up is paramount. Currently only 2% of India’s workers have received formal skills training, according to Ernst & Young. That compares with 68% in the U.K., 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea. It is a problem spreading across industries. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors estimates that in 2010, India needed nearly 4 million civil engineers, but only 509,000 professionals had the right skills for the jobs. By 2020, India will have only 778,000 civil engineers for 4.6 million slots. There is a similar gap among architects. India will have only 17% of the 427,000 professionals it needs in 2020. What caused the problem? The RICS found that India’s education and professional development system has not kept pace with economic growth and is in “dire need for reform.” In industry after industry, the same story is repeated. A recent survey by Aspiring Minds, which tracks workforce preparedness, found that more than 80% of India’s engineering graduates in 2015 were “unemployable.” Critics say that India’s universities are too focused on rote memorization, leaving students without the critical thinking skills required to solve problems. Teachers are paid low salaries, leading to poor quality of instruction. When students are denied entry to prestigious state schools, they often turn to less rigorous private colleges. “When IT industries boomed in India a few years ago, many below-the-mark private colleges emerged to cater to their needs,” said Alakh N. Sharma, director at the Institute for Human Development. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is racing to provide workers with training. His government is recruiting skills instructors, and turning old schools into learning centers. Programs strewn across various government agencies are being consolidated. Companies in the private sector are pitching in to help provide training. The most pressing need, however, might be in primary education. Pupils in India are expected to perform two-digit subtraction by the age of seven, but only 50% are able to correctly count up to 100. Only 30% of the same students are able to read a text designed for fiveyear-olds, according to education foundation Pathram. If the country’s unique demographics are to pay dividends, improvement is a lesson to be learned quickly.
Which of the following is the best solution for the Indian government to solve the problem of the shortage of skilled workers?
- A To control the birth-rates.
- B To teach students two-digit subtraction.
- C To propel an educational reform.
- D To hire more engineers.
- E To focus on rote memorization.
思路引導 VIP
如果一個國家的教育體系從基礎的小學數學、大學的思考訓練到專門的技術培訓都出現了落後與脫節，你認為政府應該採取「頭痛醫頭、腳痛醫腳」的零碎補貼，還是需要一場大規模、結構性的改變才能徹底翻轉現狀呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你精確地掌握了文章的核心主旨！你能從眾多細節中辨識出最整體的解決方案，顯示你具備優秀的資訊整合能力。
從系統性問題看教育改革
這道題目的正確答案是 (C) 推動教育改革 (To propel an educational reform)。文章中明確提到，印度雖然擁有人口紅利，但現有的教育與專業發展體系「迫切需要改革」（dire need for reform）。文末也指出，從初等教育的基礎運算能力到大學過度強調死記硬背 (rote memorization) 的問題，都顯示單一的補強（如選項 B 或 D）無法根治問題。唯有透過全面的系統性變革，才能將「勞動力負擔」轉化為真正的「經濟動力」。
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