義守大學（後中醫）
106年
英文
第 31 題
📖 題組：
IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question. When my son was very small, he would not sleep. Many times in order to console him, I would put him in bed with my husband and me. But this usually meant I didn’t sleep because he would kick and thrash. I remember one night in particular I put him in bed with me and when he started to move around and whimper, I got very angry and gave him a slap on his diapered bottom. I will never forget the look on his face when he turned to me with all the hurt an 18-month-old could muster and said, “Mommy, don’t hit me.” The way he said those words had such an effect on me that I promised myself that I would never, ever hit him again. But I didn’t know what to do instead. With the California State Legislature considering a ruling against spanking, I was prompted to take a closer look at the issue of corporal punishment. One survey conducted by Public Agenda, a non-partisan think tank, found many parents are seeking alternative methods to spanking to get their children to behave. Only 34 percent surveyed said they have been successful at teaching their children self-control. Maybe this is because they don’t know how to model it. “Violent behavior is learned,” says Emily Friedan, Chief of the Division of Community Pediatricians of Western New York. “It can be prevented from the very beginning, and prevention must start with the adults who fill children’s lives.” On spanking, Friedan’s advice is straightforward: “Don’t discipline with physical punishment. Doing so teaches children that the people who love them are the ones most likely to hurt them, that physical force is justified, and that violence is an acceptable way of solving problems.” The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents develop methods other than spanking in response to undesired behavior, adding: ˙Spanking is harmful emotionally to both parent and child. ˙While stopping the behavior temporarily, it does not teach alternative behavior. ˙It interferes with the development of trust, a sense of security, effective communication and the development of internal controls or self-discipline. ˙It may cause resentment and harm the parent/child relationship.
IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer to each question. When my son was very small, he would not sleep. Many times in order to console him, I would put him in bed with my husband and me. But this usually meant I didn’t sleep because he would kick and thrash. I remember one night in particular I put him in bed with me and when he started to move around and whimper, I got very angry and gave him a slap on his diapered bottom. I will never forget the look on his face when he turned to me with all the hurt an 18-month-old could muster and said, “Mommy, don’t hit me.” The way he said those words had such an effect on me that I promised myself that I would never, ever hit him again. But I didn’t know what to do instead. With the California State Legislature considering a ruling against spanking, I was prompted to take a closer look at the issue of corporal punishment. One survey conducted by Public Agenda, a non-partisan think tank, found many parents are seeking alternative methods to spanking to get their children to behave. Only 34 percent surveyed said they have been successful at teaching their children self-control. Maybe this is because they don’t know how to model it. “Violent behavior is learned,” says Emily Friedan, Chief of the Division of Community Pediatricians of Western New York. “It can be prevented from the very beginning, and prevention must start with the adults who fill children’s lives.” On spanking, Friedan’s advice is straightforward: “Don’t discipline with physical punishment. Doing so teaches children that the people who love them are the ones most likely to hurt them, that physical force is justified, and that violence is an acceptable way of solving problems.” The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents develop methods other than spanking in response to undesired behavior, adding: ˙Spanking is harmful emotionally to both parent and child. ˙While stopping the behavior temporarily, it does not teach alternative behavior. ˙It interferes with the development of trust, a sense of security, effective communication and the development of internal controls or self-discipline. ˙It may cause resentment and harm the parent/child relationship.
What does the author imply when she quotes Emily Freidan as saying that “[v]iolent behavior is learned”?
- A That it is innate.
- B That it is avoidable.
- C That it is inherited.
- D That it is essential to a child.
思路引導 VIP
如果我們說一個人的壞習慣「並非與生俱來」，而是透過觀察身邊的人才慢慢模仿學會的，那麼請試著推論看看：對於這種透過環境影響才產生的行為，我們在它發生之前，有沒有可能透過改變環境或教育方式來阻止它的出現呢？這代表這種行為具備什麼樣的特性？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確地掌握了文章的核心邏輯！你能選出 (B) That it is avoidable，說明你不僅讀懂了字面意思，還成功捕捉到了作者引述這段話背後的神髓。
後天習得與可預防性
這題的關鍵在於對 「learned（後天習得）」 一詞的深入理解。在心理學與社會科學的語境中，若一種行為是「學來的」，就暗示它並非「天生（innate）」或「遺傳（inherited）」。艾蜜莉·弗里登（Emily Friedan）醫生隨後提到的「它可以從一開始就被預防（prevented）」，正是對「習得」最好的註腳：既然是透過觀察與環境模仿而來，只要改變環境與成人的榜樣，這種行為就是可以避免且不必發生的。
▼ 還有更多解析內容
語義推論與邏輯轉換
💡 掌握「後天習得」與「可預防/避免」的邏輯對應關係。
| 比較維度 | 先天遺傳 (Innate/Inherited) | VS | 後天習得 (Learned/Acquired) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 來源性質 | 基因決定、生物本能 | — | 環境模仿、教育養成 |
| 改變可能性 | 難以改變 (Fixed) | — | 可預防或導正 (Avoidable) |
| 文中對應詞 | Innate / Inherited | — | Preventable / Avoidable |
💬既然暴力是「學來的」，表示只要改變教育環境，該行為就是「可避免的」。
