hce_cmu
107年
英文
第 46 題
📖 題組：
Among scientists, there are tentative signs of a psychedelics renaissance. After decades of stigma, impressive research is showing the power of these “dubious” substances to help sufferers of depression and addiction, or to comfort patients with a terminal cancer diagnosis, struggling to face their own end. This is a territory that fascinates brain scientists in their venture into human consciousness as effected by the use of psychedelics, drugs that produce hallucination and apparent expansion of consciousness. One of the most interesting early findings of recent psychedelic research is that activity in the “default mode network” (DMN) falls off sharply during the psychedelic experience. This network is a critical hub in the brain that links parts of the cerebral cortex to deeper and older structures involved in memory and emotion. The DMN appears to be involved in a range of “metacognitive” functions such as a self-reflection, mental time travel, theory of mind (the ability to imagine the mental states of other people) and the creation of the so-called “autobiographical self”—the process of weaving what happens to us into the narrative of who we are, thereby giving us a sense of a self that fixates over time. (Curiously, fMRI’s of the brains of experienced meditators show a pattern of activity, or quieting of activity, very similar to that of people who have been given psilocybin, the so-called “magic mushroom.”) When the default mode network is taken captive by a psychedelic, not only do we experience losing the sense of having a self, but myriad new connections among other brain regions and networks spring up, connections that may manifest in mental experience as hallucination (when, say, your emotion centers talk directly to your visual cortex), synesthesia (as when you can see sound or hear flavors) or, possibly, fresh and even inspiring perspectives. Disturbing a complex system is a great way to force it to reveal its secrets and elicit its potentials—and psychedelics allow us to do that to normal ego-centered consciousness.
Among scientists, there are tentative signs of a psychedelics renaissance. After decades of stigma, impressive research is showing the power of these “dubious” substances to help sufferers of depression and addiction, or to comfort patients with a terminal cancer diagnosis, struggling to face their own end. This is a territory that fascinates brain scientists in their venture into human consciousness as effected by the use of psychedelics, drugs that produce hallucination and apparent expansion of consciousness. One of the most interesting early findings of recent psychedelic research is that activity in the “default mode network” (DMN) falls off sharply during the psychedelic experience. This network is a critical hub in the brain that links parts of the cerebral cortex to deeper and older structures involved in memory and emotion. The DMN appears to be involved in a range of “metacognitive” functions such as a self-reflection, mental time travel, theory of mind (the ability to imagine the mental states of other people) and the creation of the so-called “autobiographical self”—the process of weaving what happens to us into the narrative of who we are, thereby giving us a sense of a self that fixates over time. (Curiously, fMRI’s of the brains of experienced meditators show a pattern of activity, or quieting of activity, very similar to that of people who have been given psilocybin, the so-called “magic mushroom.”) When the default mode network is taken captive by a psychedelic, not only do we experience losing the sense of having a self, but myriad new connections among other brain regions and networks spring up, connections that may manifest in mental experience as hallucination (when, say, your emotion centers talk directly to your visual cortex), synesthesia (as when you can see sound or hear flavors) or, possibly, fresh and even inspiring perspectives. Disturbing a complex system is a great way to force it to reveal its secrets and elicit its potentials—and psychedelics allow us to do that to normal ego-centered consciousness.
Which of the following is the primary purpose of this passage?
- A To discuss the effects of psychedelics on the working of brain.
- B To argue for further research into default mode network.
- C To refute the disturbance of human psyche by psychedelics.
- D To introduce new therapy for seeing and hearing disorder.
- E To propose legalization of psychedelics for clinical research.
思路引導 VIP
請試著觀察文章的第二段，作者花了非常多的篇幅在解釋「某個特定的生理系統」在受到藥物影響時，其運作模式產生了哪些具體的變化？如果我們要把這些關於「神經連結」、「系統擾動」以及「意識狀態改變」的描述歸納成一個主題，你認為這個主題會圍繞在人體的哪個器官或範疇？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確地掌握了這篇文章的核心！這道題目屬於主旨判斷題，難度屬於中等偏上，挑戰在於學生是否能從豐富的科學術語（如 DMN 網路或臨床案例）中抽離，精煉出作者整體的書寫意圖。
大腦運作機制的核心論述
你選擇 (A) 反映出你成功捕捉到了文中的論述重心。文章雖然以迷幻藥（psychedelics）在醫療上的潛力作為引子，但中後段隨即深入神經科學的探討，詳盡解釋了這些物質如何使「預設模式網路」（Default Mode Network, DMN）活動驟降，進而打破大腦原有的連結框架並產生新的意識體驗。作者並非單純在倡議法律修改或介紹特定疾病治療，而是試圖向讀者揭開這些物質如何「擾動」並「重塑」大腦運作的科學面紗。
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