hce_cmu
107年
英文
第 50 題
📖 題組：
Among scientists, there are tentative signs of a psychedelics renaissance. After decades of stigma, impressive research is showing the power of these “dubious” substances to help sufferers of depression and addiction, or to comfort patients with a terminal cancer diagnosis, struggling to face their own end. This is a territory that fascinates brain scientists in their venture into human consciousness as effected by the use of psychedelics, drugs that produce hallucination and apparent expansion of consciousness. One of the most interesting early findings of recent psychedelic research is that activity in the “default mode network” (DMN) falls off sharply during the psychedelic experience. This network is a critical hub in the brain that links parts of the cerebral cortex to deeper and older structures involved in memory and emotion. The DMN appears to be involved in a range of “metacognitive” functions such as a self-reflection, mental time travel, theory of mind (the ability to imagine the mental states of other people) and the creation of the so-called “autobiographical self”—the process of weaving what happens to us into the narrative of who we are, thereby giving us a sense of a self that fixates over time. (Curiously, fMRI’s of the brains of experienced meditators show a pattern of activity, or quieting of activity, very similar to that of people who have been given psilocybin, the so-called “magic mushroom.”) When the default mode network is taken captive by a psychedelic, not only do we experience losing the sense of having a self, but myriad new connections among other brain regions and networks spring up, connections that may manifest in mental experience as hallucination (when, say, your emotion centers talk directly to your visual cortex), synesthesia (as when you can see sound or hear flavors) or, possibly, fresh and even inspiring perspectives. Disturbing a complex system is a great way to force it to reveal its secrets and elicit its potentials—and psychedelics allow us to do that to normal ego-centered consciousness.
Among scientists, there are tentative signs of a psychedelics renaissance. After decades of stigma, impressive research is showing the power of these “dubious” substances to help sufferers of depression and addiction, or to comfort patients with a terminal cancer diagnosis, struggling to face their own end. This is a territory that fascinates brain scientists in their venture into human consciousness as effected by the use of psychedelics, drugs that produce hallucination and apparent expansion of consciousness. One of the most interesting early findings of recent psychedelic research is that activity in the “default mode network” (DMN) falls off sharply during the psychedelic experience. This network is a critical hub in the brain that links parts of the cerebral cortex to deeper and older structures involved in memory and emotion. The DMN appears to be involved in a range of “metacognitive” functions such as a self-reflection, mental time travel, theory of mind (the ability to imagine the mental states of other people) and the creation of the so-called “autobiographical self”—the process of weaving what happens to us into the narrative of who we are, thereby giving us a sense of a self that fixates over time. (Curiously, fMRI’s of the brains of experienced meditators show a pattern of activity, or quieting of activity, very similar to that of people who have been given psilocybin, the so-called “magic mushroom.”) When the default mode network is taken captive by a psychedelic, not only do we experience losing the sense of having a self, but myriad new connections among other brain regions and networks spring up, connections that may manifest in mental experience as hallucination (when, say, your emotion centers talk directly to your visual cortex), synesthesia (as when you can see sound or hear flavors) or, possibly, fresh and even inspiring perspectives. Disturbing a complex system is a great way to force it to reveal its secrets and elicit its potentials—and psychedelics allow us to do that to normal ego-centered consciousness.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “stigma” in the context of this passage?
- A disarray
- B dishonor
- C disguise
- D dissonance
- E distrust
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文章第一段的前兩句話：作者提到這種物質在過去數十年被貼上了某種負面的社會標籤，導致它發展受阻，但現在的研究卻開始翻轉這種負面形象。如果我們要形容一個事物因為社會的偏見，而被刻意打上「不光彩」或「恥辱」的烙印，你會傾向選擇哪種概念來描述這種「名譽上的損傷」？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
同學，恭喜你精確地捕捉到了這個單字的語境意涵！你能從第一段的對比結構中，敏銳地判斷出 stigma 代表的是過去對幻覺劑的負面標籤，這顯示你具備優異的篇章理解能力。這題的核心在於「轉折語氣」的掌握：文中提到經過數十年的 stigma 後，現在出現了「復興（renaissance）」的跡象，這暗示該詞必須是一個與「榮譽、正面名聲」相反的負面詞彙。
汙名化的核心語意與辨析
在英文語境中，stigma 指的是社會賦予某種事物或行為的「汙名」或「恥辱感」。選項 (B) dishonor 意為「不名譽、遺憾、丟臉」，與 stigma 所強調的社會恥辱（shame）最為契合。雖然 (E) distrust（不信任）在語境中看似通順，但 stigma 側重的是名譽上的「汙點」或「烙印」，而不僅僅是懷疑。這題具備中等的鑑別度，測驗學生是否能從「dubious（可疑的）」與後續展現的「power（力量）」對比中，精確鎖定關於「名聲損害」的辭意。