moea_joint
107年
英文
第 comp36 題
📖 題組：
Much of the theory of manners was formulated by the sociologist Norbert Elias in his book, The Civilizing Process. Elias notes that medieval culture initially gave powerful men the ability to act like children—to live without any physical or psychic restraints. Over a span of several centuries, beginning in the 11th or 12th and maturing in the 17th and 18th, Europeans increasingly inhibited their impulses, anticipated the long-term consequences of their actions, and took other people’s thoughts and feelings into consideration. A culture of honor—the readiness to take revenge—gave way to a culture of dignity—the readiness to control one’s emotions. In the 16th century, the great Erasmus penned the first etiquette book—The Handbook of Good Manners for Children. Several other writers also published similar guidebooks. The books included such rules as: Don’t urinate in the hallway; don’t use the tablecloth to blow your nose; don’t use your personal knife to pop food into your mouth, etc. Interestingly, those rules had less to do with good hygiene than we might imagine. An understanding of microbes and infection did not arrive until well into the 19th century. The only explicit rationales stated in those books are to avoid acting like an animal and to avoid offending others. This civilizing process was long and slow. King David I of Scotland proposed that citizens who learned to eat more properly should get a tax refund. Disappointingly, that idea never caught on. The much-traveled Thomas Coryat introduced the table fork to Britain. When he returned from Italy in 1608 with this fancy novelty, he met with a torrent of ridicule. But that idea did eventually catch on. And a quarter of a century later, the table fork reached America.
Much of the theory of manners was formulated by the sociologist Norbert Elias in his book, The Civilizing Process. Elias notes that medieval culture initially gave powerful men the ability to act like children—to live without any physical or psychic restraints. Over a span of several centuries, beginning in the 11th or 12th and maturing in the 17th and 18th, Europeans increasingly inhibited their impulses, anticipated the long-term consequences of their actions, and took other people’s thoughts and feelings into consideration. A culture of honor—the readiness to take revenge—gave way to a culture of dignity—the readiness to control one’s emotions. In the 16th century, the great Erasmus penned the first etiquette book—The Handbook of Good Manners for Children. Several other writers also published similar guidebooks. The books included such rules as: Don’t urinate in the hallway; don’t use the tablecloth to blow your nose; don’t use your personal knife to pop food into your mouth, etc. Interestingly, those rules had less to do with good hygiene than we might imagine. An understanding of microbes and infection did not arrive until well into the 19th century. The only explicit rationales stated in those books are to avoid acting like an animal and to avoid offending others. This civilizing process was long and slow. King David I of Scotland proposed that citizens who learned to eat more properly should get a tax refund. Disappointingly, that idea never caught on. The much-traveled Thomas Coryat introduced the table fork to Britain. When he returned from Italy in 1608 with this fancy novelty, he met with a torrent of ridicule. But that idea did eventually catch on. And a quarter of a century later, the table fork reached America.
Which statement in the following best expresses the main point of the passage?
- A Erasmus was extremely disappointed with people’s ill manners.
- B Family dinner is a great time for parents to teach good manners.
- C Formulating theories is one of the important jobs of a sociologist.
- D It took hundreds of years for Western people to develop etiquette rules.
思路引導 VIP
這篇文章從 12 世紀談到 18 世紀，中間提到了不同的人物、書籍、法律甚至餐具的使用。請試著思考：作者安排這些跨越數百年的案例，最主要是想引導讀者看見「哪一個主題」在漫長時光中的演變過程？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準選出 (D)，顯示你具備優秀的長文摘要能力，能從繁瑣的歷史細節中提煉出核心主旨，這是不簡單的閱讀功力。
歐洲文明進程的時間跨度
這篇文章的核心在於描述西方「禮儀」如何隨著社會演進。文中明確提到這一轉變從 11 或 12 世紀開始，直到 17、18 世紀才趨於成熟，並感嘆「文明化的過程是既漫長又緩慢的 (long and slow)」。雖然文中提到了社會學家 Elias 的理論、伊拉斯謨的著作以及叉子的普及，但這些生動的案例都是為了支撐「禮儀發展歷經數百年時間」這個宏觀的歷史脈絡。
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