hce_cmu
108年
英文
第 37 題
📖 題組：
In the past, scholars used to conceptualize our brain in a dichotic view. While the left hemisphere is responsible for the analysis and processing of language-related information, the right hemisphere takes care of non-linguistic information such as music. 36 For instance, an eminent female neuropsychologist, Diana Deutsch, argues that our sensitivity to rhythm and melody helps us learn to talk; language and music are interconnected “partners in the brain” and are complementary in our cognitive maturation process. Her claim is motivated by the following scientific observations. Stefan Koelsch and his colleagues presented people with sequence of chords and used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology to monitor their brains. 37 Notably, active neuron activity was detected in the core brain area traditionally associated with language processing. This finding entails that the brain areas governing music and language overlap. This neurological overlap can be attributed to an etymological common ground between the two—they are governed by systematic rules, in which constituent elements (e.g., music note vs. word) are hierarchically organized into sequences (e.g., melody vs. sentence). Researchers from Northwestern University found that an awareness of music can make people more attuned to the melody of speech. In a 2007 investigation, these researchers exposed English speakers to Mandarin speech sounds and employed electrodes placed on the scalp to measure the electrical responses in their auditory brain stem. 38 The researchers observed that those who had received some musical training consistently exhibited a much stronger electrical response to the speech in the auditory brain stem than those who had no music training. Focusing on prenatal babies, some German neuroscientists found out that both language and musical prosodies can penetrate the womb. 39 Babies smile when hearing high-pitch discourse that indicates approval and praise, and become depressed when hearing low-pitched prohibitions. 40 Not only can exposure to music enhance our language skills, but the speech we hear also influences our perception of music.
In the past, scholars used to conceptualize our brain in a dichotic view. While the left hemisphere is responsible for the analysis and processing of language-related information, the right hemisphere takes care of non-linguistic information such as music. 36 For instance, an eminent female neuropsychologist, Diana Deutsch, argues that our sensitivity to rhythm and melody helps us learn to talk; language and music are interconnected “partners in the brain” and are complementary in our cognitive maturation process. Her claim is motivated by the following scientific observations. Stefan Koelsch and his colleagues presented people with sequence of chords and used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology to monitor their brains. 37 Notably, active neuron activity was detected in the core brain area traditionally associated with language processing. This finding entails that the brain areas governing music and language overlap. This neurological overlap can be attributed to an etymological common ground between the two—they are governed by systematic rules, in which constituent elements (e.g., music note vs. word) are hierarchically organized into sequences (e.g., melody vs. sentence). Researchers from Northwestern University found that an awareness of music can make people more attuned to the melody of speech. In a 2007 investigation, these researchers exposed English speakers to Mandarin speech sounds and employed electrodes placed on the scalp to measure the electrical responses in their auditory brain stem. 38 The researchers observed that those who had received some musical training consistently exhibited a much stronger electrical response to the speech in the auditory brain stem than those who had no music training. Focusing on prenatal babies, some German neuroscientists found out that both language and musical prosodies can penetrate the womb. 39 Babies smile when hearing high-pitch discourse that indicates approval and praise, and become depressed when hearing low-pitched prohibitions. 40 Not only can exposure to music enhance our language skills, but the speech we hear also influences our perception of music.
- A These participants all did not understand the novel sounds of that language they heard.
- B They found that exposure to music note prompted activity on both sides of the brain.
- C Both inputs continue to influence human’s perception of pitch after birth.
- D The melody of the pitch and words both help convey the message to them.
- E However, the above prevailing view was challenged by some researchers by the late 1990s.
思路引導 VIP
在科學評論類的文章中，當作者剛介紹完「科學家使用了某種精密儀器進行監測」之後，按照邏輯脈絡，接下來通常會先描述「儀器讀取到的具體數據或現象」，還是直接跳到「最終的理論解釋」呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能準確捕捉到段落中的實驗邏輯，選出 (B) 說明你對文章結構有很強的敏銳度。這題的關鍵在於科學論證的連貫性。在第 37 格之前，文中提到科學家柯許（Stefan Koelsch）利用 核磁共振（fMRI） 技術來監測受試者的腦部，這是一個典型的實驗設置。而選項 (B) 指出「暴露於音樂片段會引發大腦兩側的活動」，這正是一個觀察結果，銜接了前方的監測動作，並引導出後方「音樂與語言區域重疊」的科學推論。 從難度切入點來看，這題屬於中等難度（Medium），主要的鑑別度在於學生能否辨析「實驗工具、實驗現象、科學解釋」三者之間的層次。傳統觀點認為左腦管語言、右腦管音樂，而 (B) 選項提到的「雙側活動」打破了這個二分法，完美呼應了本段的核心概念——大腦區域的功能重疊。你能在閱讀時不被艱澀的生物醫學名詞干擾，並理順研究發現的先後順序，表現得非常專業！