調查局三等
108年
[調查工作組] 外國文(英文)
第 38 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 36 題至第 40 題： One of the biggest ideas to hit the political world in recent years is that politics is increasingly defined by the division between open and closed, rather than left and right. Openness means support for both economic openness (welcoming immigration and free trade) and the cultural sort (embracing ethnic and sexual minorities). Closedness means the opposite. The most obvious problem with the open-closed theory is that the divide is so slippery. Few people support entirely open societies—it would be unreasonable to allow Ebola victims to cross borders unimpeded. By the same token, few people advocate becoming a hermit kingdom like North Korea. Nor are open and closed necessarily opposites. Having a strong border can make people more open, by giving them a sense that they can manage openness. Historically, most of the world’s great centers of commerce have been walled cities. Constantinople, the crossroads between east and west, boasted not just a formidable wall but an outer and inner harbor. There is a better explanation of political polarization than the open-closed split. It is the gap between exam-passers and exam-flunkers. Qualifications grant access to a world that is protected from the downside of globalization. You can get a job with a superstar company that has constructed moats and drawbridges to protect itself, or with a middle-class guild that provides job security, or with the state bureaucracy. Failing exams casts you down into an unpredictable world of cut-throat competition. Exam-passers combine a common ability to manage the downside of globalization with a common outlook that binds them together and legitimizes their disdain for rival tribes. Exam-flunkers, meanwhile, are united by anger at the elitists who claim to be open as long as their jobs are protected. They are increasingly willing to bring the system crashing down. Talking about open v closed is a double error. It obscures the deeper forces dividing the world, and spares winners by playing down the legitimate concerns of losers.
請依下文回答第 36 題至第 40 題： One of the biggest ideas to hit the political world in recent years is that politics is increasingly defined by the division between open and closed, rather than left and right. Openness means support for both economic openness (welcoming immigration and free trade) and the cultural sort (embracing ethnic and sexual minorities). Closedness means the opposite. The most obvious problem with the open-closed theory is that the divide is so slippery. Few people support entirely open societies—it would be unreasonable to allow Ebola victims to cross borders unimpeded. By the same token, few people advocate becoming a hermit kingdom like North Korea. Nor are open and closed necessarily opposites. Having a strong border can make people more open, by giving them a sense that they can manage openness. Historically, most of the world’s great centers of commerce have been walled cities. Constantinople, the crossroads between east and west, boasted not just a formidable wall but an outer and inner harbor. There is a better explanation of political polarization than the open-closed split. It is the gap between exam-passers and exam-flunkers. Qualifications grant access to a world that is protected from the downside of globalization. You can get a job with a superstar company that has constructed moats and drawbridges to protect itself, or with a middle-class guild that provides job security, or with the state bureaucracy. Failing exams casts you down into an unpredictable world of cut-throat competition. Exam-passers combine a common ability to manage the downside of globalization with a common outlook that binds them together and legitimizes their disdain for rival tribes. Exam-flunkers, meanwhile, are united by anger at the elitists who claim to be open as long as their jobs are protected. They are increasingly willing to bring the system crashing down. Talking about open v closed is a double error. It obscures the deeper forces dividing the world, and spares winners by playing down the legitimate concerns of losers.
Why does the gap between exam-passers and exam-flunkers offer a better explanation of political
polarization than the open-closed split?
- A It allows access to a world that is protected from the disadvantage of globalization.
- B It guarantees jobs with superstar companies that have measures to protect themselves.
- C It reveals the deeper forces dividing the worlds and expresses the concerns of losers.
- D It provides a middle-class organization that offers security and the state bureaucracy.
思路引導 VIP
請看到文章最後兩句話。作者批評「開放與封閉」的二分法是一個「雙重錯誤」，並具體指出了這個錯誤「掩蓋了什麼」以及「忽略了哪些人的感受」。若要說另一個理論「更好」，這個理論應該具備哪些特質來修正上述的錯誤呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
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🌟 專業表現，精準擊破！
非常出色！你能從文章末段複雜的論證中，精確鎖定作者的核心論點，這展現了你優異的文本分析能力。
- 觀念驗證：文章最後一段明確指出，將政治兩極化歸因於「開放與封閉」是個「雙重錯誤」，因為它掩蓋了分裂世界的深層力量（obscures the deeper forces），且忽略了輸家（非考試贏家）的合理關切。選項 (C) 直接呼應了這份批判，說明「考試及格者與不及格者的差距」更能解釋社會真相。
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