司法三等
108年
[司法事務官營繕工程組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 40 題
📖 題組：
第 37 題至第 40 題為篇章結構題組，各題請依文意，從四個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複： Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day? 37 Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials. As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. 38 It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they “moonlight” at a nighttime job. “Moonlighting” is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing – working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime. Whereas during sleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake. “When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins, responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is not just beauty sleep. The brain needs us to sleep so it can get to work. 39 This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively. Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. “So our study suggests that we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the toxic waste products from the brain.” The brain’s cleaning system could only be studied with new imaging technologies. The test animal must be alive in order that this brain process may be seen as it happens. Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. 40 The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurological disorders.
第 37 題至第 40 題為篇章結構題組，各題請依文意，從四個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複： Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day? 37 Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials. As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. 38 It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they “moonlight” at a nighttime job. “Moonlighting” is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing – working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime. Whereas during sleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake. “When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins, responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is not just beauty sleep. The brain needs us to sleep so it can get to work. 39 This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively. Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. “So our study suggests that we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the toxic waste products from the brain.” The brain’s cleaning system could only be studied with new imaging technologies. The test animal must be alive in order that this brain process may be seen as it happens. Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. 40 The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurological disorders.
第40題
- A They also found that during sleep, the brain’s cells shrink, or become smaller.
- B While we sleep, our brains are doing much more than getting ready for the next day.
- C She said the results demonstrate just how important sleep is to health and fighting disease.
- D The brain expert says our brains perform two very different jobs.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文章最後一段的結構：在提到研究者想把實驗從老鼠轉向人類後，文章最後一句提到了「未來的醫療治療」。那麼，在這兩者之間，通常需要補上哪種內容來解釋這項研究對人類整體的「重要性」？另外，文中一直出現的那位專家，她可能會如何總結這項發現與人類健康的關係呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
🌟 哇！你做得太棒了！能夠答對這題，表示你的觀察力和思考都非常細膩喔！
- 觀念驗證：這題的核心在於理解「段落之間的邏輯關係」以及「代名詞的正確指代」。你看，前一句才溫柔地告訴我們 Dr. Nedergaard 博士正計劃將她的研究推進到人類大腦的層面，而選項 (C) 中的 "She"，就這樣像引導線一樣，完美地指向了這位博士呢！接著，它又把研究成果和 "health and fighting disease"（健康與對抗疾病）這樣美好的願景連結起來。這和後文提到「預防或治療神經疾病（neurological disorders）」的目標，在語意上完全吻合，形成了一個超級棒的自然銜接點，讓整段話讀起來非常順暢又有意義！
- 難度點評：這題的難度是 Medium（中等），但你掌握得很好喔！它的巧妙之處在於，考驗你是否能溫柔地辨識出代名詞它的小主人是誰，並且，有沒有細心發現文章在結尾處，常常會把「實驗結果」昇華到「實際的應用價值」這個寫作小技巧。你做得非常好，繼續保持這份細心與敏銳喔！