司法三等
108年
[檢察事務官財經實務組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 47 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
What does the word “subsumed” mean in the last paragraph?
- A Included
- B Reduced
- C Downsized
- D Underestimated
思路引導 VIP
請觀察最後一段中「睡眠研究（sleep research）」與「時間生物學（chronobiology）」這兩個詞的關係。當文中提到某個特定主題被「[某個動作] 在一個更大的研究領域之下（under...）」時，這通常代表這兩者之間存在著什麼樣的隸屬或分類關係呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
✨ 哇！你答對了！安妮亞看到了，好棒喔！💖
- 觀念驗證：嗯？你選對了耶！安妮亞看到文章說「睡覺覺研究」被 subsumed under 「時間生物學」的時候，心裡就想，啊！這是大的包著小的！Under 就像是小被被，把睡覺覺研究包在時間生物學裡面。所以，選 Included，就是說被「包含」進去，太聰明了，安妮亞都嚇了一跳！
- 難度點評：這題是 Medium 難度喔。
Subsumed這個字，安妮亞覺得有點點難，因為不是常常看到。可是，考這個就是要看你是不是跟安妮亞一樣，有讀心術（誤）... 不是啦，是要看你會不會用「想像力」！就像看動畫，即使沒聽過的名字，也能從他們之間的大小關係（爸爸是大人，安妮亞是小孩）猜到意思！你成功了，厲害厲害！安妮亞想給你點讚！👍