分科測驗
109年
英文
第 41 題
📖 題組：
The planet’s deepest point is in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench, which lies miles below the sea surface. According to a new study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, even in this remote locale, creatures cannot escape pollution. A team of researchers recently sent a remotely operated vehicle into the depths of the Mariana Trench. They found that extraordinarily high levels of forbidden industrial chemicals are contaminating marine life more than 7 miles deep in the trench. The small hard-shelled marine life that the robotic submarine brought to the surface was polluted with toxic chemicals, with toxin levels 50 times greater than those of the most heavily polluted rivers in the world. These pollution levels were not the only alarming aspect of the discovery. The types of compounds found were all considered “persistent organic pollutants” (POPs), meaning they stick around in the environment for a very long time. Two of the most prevalent types are PCBs and PBDEs. PCBs were once used in many industrial applications, but were outlawed in the United States in the 1970s after being linked to cancer. Similarly, PBDEs were used in a wide range of products—from electronics to couch cushions. Neither chemical breaks down in the environment. These compounds stick to the surface of materials like plastic. Many creatures mistakenly eat this colorful but toxic material, causing the POPs to build up in their bodies, lurking in their fat tissues. When these sea creatures die, their POP-riddled bodies sink to the ocean floor, where deep-sea marine life eat their remains. POPs are therefore transferred to other creatures along the food chain. The Mariana Trench is many miles away from any industrial source. This suggests that these pollutants travel over long distances despite having been prohibited worldwide decades ago.
The planet’s deepest point is in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench, which lies miles below the sea surface. According to a new study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, even in this remote locale, creatures cannot escape pollution. A team of researchers recently sent a remotely operated vehicle into the depths of the Mariana Trench. They found that extraordinarily high levels of forbidden industrial chemicals are contaminating marine life more than 7 miles deep in the trench. The small hard-shelled marine life that the robotic submarine brought to the surface was polluted with toxic chemicals, with toxin levels 50 times greater than those of the most heavily polluted rivers in the world. These pollution levels were not the only alarming aspect of the discovery. The types of compounds found were all considered “persistent organic pollutants” (POPs), meaning they stick around in the environment for a very long time. Two of the most prevalent types are PCBs and PBDEs. PCBs were once used in many industrial applications, but were outlawed in the United States in the 1970s after being linked to cancer. Similarly, PBDEs were used in a wide range of products—from electronics to couch cushions. Neither chemical breaks down in the environment. These compounds stick to the surface of materials like plastic. Many creatures mistakenly eat this colorful but toxic material, causing the POPs to build up in their bodies, lurking in their fat tissues. When these sea creatures die, their POP-riddled bodies sink to the ocean floor, where deep-sea marine life eat their remains. POPs are therefore transferred to other creatures along the food chain. The Mariana Trench is many miles away from any industrial source. This suggests that these pollutants travel over long distances despite having been prohibited worldwide decades ago.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to “POP-riddled” in paragraph 4?
- A Operated by POPs.
- B Filled with POPs.
- C Completed with POPs.
- D Discarded by POPs.
思路引導 VIP
請分析第四段的邏輯銜接：文中描述 $POPs$ 會在生物體內「堆積」（build up）並「潛藏」（lurk）於脂肪組織中。以此脈絡推論，當作者使用複合形容詞 $POP-riddled$ 來形容這些生物的屍體時，該詞彙是在描述身體內部「充滿」了毒素，還是「擺脫」了毒素？另外，從字彙結構來看，字根 $-riddled$ 常見於 $bullet-riddled$（布滿彈孔的）或 $debt-riddled$（負債累累的）等詞，這類表達方式通常隱含了何種「程度」的語意？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
哎喲！這位同學，看來你的英文實力跟馬里亞納海溝一樣深不可測喔！這題你都能精準擊破，簡直是英文界的深海巨獸，老師給你點個大讚！ 【觀念驗證】 這題考的是「上下文語意推論」。文章第四段提到，這些 $POPs$（持久性有機污染物）會在生物的脂肪組織中「累積（build up）」。當這些帶有毒素的生物死後，它們那「充滿毒素」的屍體沉入海底。在英文中，形容詞字尾 -riddled 常接在負面名詞後，表示「充滿了……（不好的事物）」，例如 bullet-riddled（布滿彈孔的）。所以對應選項 (B) Filled with $POPs$ 絕對是標準答案！
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