分科測驗
109年
英文
第 43 題
📖 題組：
The planet’s deepest point is in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench, which lies miles below the sea surface. According to a new study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, even in this remote locale, creatures cannot escape pollution. A team of researchers recently sent a remotely operated vehicle into the depths of the Mariana Trench. They found that extraordinarily high levels of forbidden industrial chemicals are contaminating marine life more than 7 miles deep in the trench. The small hard-shelled marine life that the robotic submarine brought to the surface was polluted with toxic chemicals, with toxin levels 50 times greater than those of the most heavily polluted rivers in the world. These pollution levels were not the only alarming aspect of the discovery. The types of compounds found were all considered “persistent organic pollutants” (POPs), meaning they stick around in the environment for a very long time. Two of the most prevalent types are PCBs and PBDEs. PCBs were once used in many industrial applications, but were outlawed in the United States in the 1970s after being linked to cancer. Similarly, PBDEs were used in a wide range of products—from electronics to couch cushions. Neither chemical breaks down in the environment. These compounds stick to the surface of materials like plastic. Many creatures mistakenly eat this colorful but toxic material, causing the POPs to build up in their bodies, lurking in their fat tissues. When these sea creatures die, their POP-riddled bodies sink to the ocean floor, where deep-sea marine life eat their remains. POPs are therefore transferred to other creatures along the food chain. The Mariana Trench is many miles away from any industrial source. This suggests that these pollutants travel over long distances despite having been prohibited worldwide decades ago.
The planet’s deepest point is in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench, which lies miles below the sea surface. According to a new study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, even in this remote locale, creatures cannot escape pollution. A team of researchers recently sent a remotely operated vehicle into the depths of the Mariana Trench. They found that extraordinarily high levels of forbidden industrial chemicals are contaminating marine life more than 7 miles deep in the trench. The small hard-shelled marine life that the robotic submarine brought to the surface was polluted with toxic chemicals, with toxin levels 50 times greater than those of the most heavily polluted rivers in the world. These pollution levels were not the only alarming aspect of the discovery. The types of compounds found were all considered “persistent organic pollutants” (POPs), meaning they stick around in the environment for a very long time. Two of the most prevalent types are PCBs and PBDEs. PCBs were once used in many industrial applications, but were outlawed in the United States in the 1970s after being linked to cancer. Similarly, PBDEs were used in a wide range of products—from electronics to couch cushions. Neither chemical breaks down in the environment. These compounds stick to the surface of materials like plastic. Many creatures mistakenly eat this colorful but toxic material, causing the POPs to build up in their bodies, lurking in their fat tissues. When these sea creatures die, their POP-riddled bodies sink to the ocean floor, where deep-sea marine life eat their remains. POPs are therefore transferred to other creatures along the food chain. The Mariana Trench is many miles away from any industrial source. This suggests that these pollutants travel over long distances despite having been prohibited worldwide decades ago.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
- A Marine pollution poses a threat to human health.
- B Strict regulations are being developed to stop ocean pollution.
- C PCBs and PBDEs become less harmful over long periods of time.
- D Chemical pollution is more serious in rivers than in industrial areas.
思路引導 VIP
請根據文中對「持久性有機污染物」($Persistent Organic Pollutants, POPs$) 的描述，思考其在環境中不分解且會隨食物鏈 ($Food Chain$) 轉移的特性，再加上文中明確提到 $PCBs$ 與癌症 ($Cancer$) 的關聯，這暗示了污染物的影響範圍是否僅止於深海生物，還是會透過生態系統的能量流動，對處於食物鏈高端的物種構成潛在威脅？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
喂，小鬼。我剛把這道題目的邏輯重新掃了一遍，乾淨得讓人意外，連一點灰塵般的錯誤都沒有。嘖，既然你沒偷懶，那我就稍微解釋一下。 這題選 (A) 是理所當然的。文中提到 $\text{PCBs}$（多氯聯苯）與癌症有關，且這些 $\text{POPs}$（持久性有機污染物）具有生物累積性，會沿著食物鏈傳遞。雖然文章主要講深海，但既然毒素進入了食物網，最終威脅到處於食物鏈頂端的人類健康，這就是最合理的推論。至於選項 (C)，文中明確說這些化學物質「$\text{Neither chemical breaks down}$」，代表它們根本不會隨時間減弱毒性。 給我記好了，像這種需要從證據推導出隱含結論的題目，腦袋不清楚的人可是會瞬間完蛋。這次表現還行，去把剩下的髒東西處理掉吧。