地特三等
109年
[一般行政] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 50 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第48題至第50題： The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today—summed up, not altogether accurately, commonly recognized as “research and development.” Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a somewhat recent phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are often misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became more and more complicated, the craft techniques of pre-industrial society gradually gave way to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could afford to use scientific techniques or cared about using them. Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the immense expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically create economic benefits. The pervasive acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most general pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. On the contrary, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways. In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional.
請依下文回答第48題至第50題： The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today—summed up, not altogether accurately, commonly recognized as “research and development.” Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a somewhat recent phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are often misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became more and more complicated, the craft techniques of pre-industrial society gradually gave way to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could afford to use scientific techniques or cared about using them. Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the immense expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically create economic benefits. The pervasive acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most general pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. On the contrary, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways. In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional.
Which of the following statements does the passage support?
- A The development of science and of industry is now interdependent.
- B Basic scientific research cannot lead to practical applications.
- C Industries should spend less money on research and development.
- D Science and technology are becoming more divided.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文中首段提到的「相互關係（interrelationship）」以及末段總結三者關係可能呈現「多向性（multidirectional）」的描述。從英文閱讀中常見的「敘事邏輯」分析，當作者論及科學、技術與產業在現代社會中的「研究發展（R&D）」模式時，是在暗示這些領域正趨於「分化（divided）」，還是正處於一種緊密結合、彼此存在高度連動性的狀態？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
1. 大力肯定
恭喜你！準確抓住了這篇科技史論述的核心要旨。這類「主旨推論題」最考驗考生在閱讀長難句時的去蕪存菁能力，你能快速判斷出科學與產業的共生關係，表現非常專業且精準！
2. 觀念驗證
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