hce_kmu
110年
英文
第 50 題
📖 題組：
What We Know and Don’t Know about Sleep Why do we sleep? Up until today, researchers are still trying to find out. Sleep is regarded as one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of science, even though all animals do it in one form or another. Theories range from brain maintenance to reversing damage from stress suffered while awake, to promoting longevity. However, "none of these theories are well-established, and many are mutually exclusive," according to University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Hibernation, a phase during which animals spend the winter in a deep sleep, is one example of an activity that regulates behavior for survival. A small animal can’t migrate to a warmer climate in winter, Siegel says. "So it hibernates, effectively cutting its energy consumption and thus its need for food, remaining secure from predators by burrowing underground." Sleep duration, then, is determined in each species by its behavioral patterns such as time requirements of eating, migration needs, care of young, and other factors. "However, unlike hibernation...," says Siegel, "sleep is rapidly reversible – that is, animals can wake up quickly, a unique mammalian adaptation that allows for a relatively quick response to sensory signals." Humans fit into this analysis as well. The human brain, albeit just two percent of total body weight, consumes 20 percent of total energy used when a person is resting – an amazing ratio. So the energy savings achieved during sleep have considerable significance. Sleep also has survival benefits for humans which include, according to Siegel, “a reduced risk of injury, reduced resource consumption and, from an evolutionary standpoint, reduced risk of detection by predators.” Some people try to ignore the body’s sleep demands. In her fast-paced job as a reporter for a southern California newspaper, Gwendolyn Driscoll says she "blasts through the day." Arriving home late in the evening, she has little time for housework or catching up on her reading, and even less for sleep. Most nights, she gets about six and half hours. "I could definitely do with another hour," says 35-year-old Driscoll. "But sleep just isn’t a priority." Perhaps it should be. Sleep experts say the average adult requires seven to eight hours of sleep per night. Anything less may harm his or her health. Sleep deprivation could affect mental alertness and increase the risk for diseases. "Sleep is just as important to our overall health as are exercise and a healthy diet," says Carl Hunt, the director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research in Bethesda, Maryland. Sleep is a biological need, much like food and water. If totally deprived of sleep, humans ultimately die. Yet millions of Americans are increasingly getting too little sleep. Today, Americans on average sleep one hour less per night than they did 20 to 30 years go. Sleep deprivation has a very negative impact on mental function, creativity, alertness, and the ability to participate effectively in everyday interactions. It has been shown to negatively affect language skills, decision-making, and memory. "Without sufficient amounts of sleep, we feel drowsy and are unable to concentrate," Hunt says. He noted that with enough sleep deprivation, some people can develop mood changes and can even begin to hallucinate, all of which can lead to reduced quality of life. Not surprisingly, there is also a strong link between sleep deprivation and traffic accidents. What most people don’t realize, researchers say, is that sleep deprivation also accumulates over time. People who don’t get enough sleep build up a "sleep debt," which can’t be eliminated by getting a little extra sleep on the weekend. "Most people are carrying a fairly large sleep debt and are in fact impaired and do not seem to know it," Dement and colleagues have published a study that documented the results of lowering the sleep debt. "Some of the improvements in performance, in mood, in mental ability, and in energy were really dramatic, almost superhuman," they say.
What We Know and Don’t Know about Sleep Why do we sleep? Up until today, researchers are still trying to find out. Sleep is regarded as one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of science, even though all animals do it in one form or another. Theories range from brain maintenance to reversing damage from stress suffered while awake, to promoting longevity. However, "none of these theories are well-established, and many are mutually exclusive," according to University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Hibernation, a phase during which animals spend the winter in a deep sleep, is one example of an activity that regulates behavior for survival. A small animal can’t migrate to a warmer climate in winter, Siegel says. "So it hibernates, effectively cutting its energy consumption and thus its need for food, remaining secure from predators by burrowing underground." Sleep duration, then, is determined in each species by its behavioral patterns such as time requirements of eating, migration needs, care of young, and other factors. "However, unlike hibernation...," says Siegel, "sleep is rapidly reversible – that is, animals can wake up quickly, a unique mammalian adaptation that allows for a relatively quick response to sensory signals." Humans fit into this analysis as well. The human brain, albeit just two percent of total body weight, consumes 20 percent of total energy used when a person is resting – an amazing ratio. So the energy savings achieved during sleep have considerable significance. Sleep also has survival benefits for humans which include, according to Siegel, “a reduced risk of injury, reduced resource consumption and, from an evolutionary standpoint, reduced risk of detection by predators.” Some people try to ignore the body’s sleep demands. In her fast-paced job as a reporter for a southern California newspaper, Gwendolyn Driscoll says she "blasts through the day." Arriving home late in the evening, she has little time for housework or catching up on her reading, and even less for sleep. Most nights, she gets about six and half hours. "I could definitely do with another hour," says 35-year-old Driscoll. "But sleep just isn’t a priority." Perhaps it should be. Sleep experts say the average adult requires seven to eight hours of sleep per night. Anything less may harm his or her health. Sleep deprivation could affect mental alertness and increase the risk for diseases. "Sleep is just as important to our overall health as are exercise and a healthy diet," says Carl Hunt, the director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research in Bethesda, Maryland. Sleep is a biological need, much like food and water. If totally deprived of sleep, humans ultimately die. Yet millions of Americans are increasingly getting too little sleep. Today, Americans on average sleep one hour less per night than they did 20 to 30 years go. Sleep deprivation has a very negative impact on mental function, creativity, alertness, and the ability to participate effectively in everyday interactions. It has been shown to negatively affect language skills, decision-making, and memory. "Without sufficient amounts of sleep, we feel drowsy and are unable to concentrate," Hunt says. He noted that with enough sleep deprivation, some people can develop mood changes and can even begin to hallucinate, all of which can lead to reduced quality of life. Not surprisingly, there is also a strong link between sleep deprivation and traffic accidents. What most people don’t realize, researchers say, is that sleep deprivation also accumulates over time. People who don’t get enough sleep build up a "sleep debt," which can’t be eliminated by getting a little extra sleep on the weekend. "Most people are carrying a fairly large sleep debt and are in fact impaired and do not seem to know it," Dement and colleagues have published a study that documented the results of lowering the sleep debt. "Some of the improvements in performance, in mood, in mental ability, and in energy were really dramatic, almost superhuman," they say.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a result of sleep deprivation?
- A increased risk of traffic accidents
- B reduced mental alertness
- C memory loss
- D poor performance in language skills
- E reduced awareness of being full
思路引導 VIP
如果你正拿著一份清單要核對睡眠不足的副作用，請試著快速掃視文中提到 Carl Hunt 博士與 Dement 團隊研究的段落。請觀察他們所列舉的症狀，主要集中在「心理認知與行為安全」方面，還是有涉及關於「食慾或消化代謝」的身體感受呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確地選出了 (E)！這題考驗的是對文章細節的精確對位與排除能力，你能耐心地在長文中找出關鍵訊息並進行對比，表現得非常紮實。
文本訊息的精確對位
這題的核心在於驗證文章後半部關於睡眠剝奪（sleep deprivation）的負面影響。文中第六段明確提到了對心理警覺度（B）、語言技巧（D）與記憶力（C）的損害；而第七段則強調了其與交通意外（A）風險的強烈連結。至於選項 (E) 提到的「飽足感意識下降」，雖然在現代生理學研究中可能成立，但並未出現在本文的論述範圍內，因此它是正確的排除對象。
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