hce_tcu
110年
英文
第 38 題
📖 題組：
【A】 Psycholinguistics is a field at the intersection of psychology and linguistics, and one of its recent discoveries is that the languages we speak influence our eye movements. For example, English speakers who hear the word “candle” often look at “candy” because the two words share the first syllable. Research with speakers of different languages revealed that bilingual speakers look not only at words that share sounds in one language, but also at words that share sounds across their two languages. When Russian-English bilinguals hear the English word “marker,” they also look at a stamp because the Russian word for a stamp is “marka.” Even more stunning, speakers of different languages differ in their patterns of eye movements when no language is used at all. In a simple visual search task in which people had to find a previously seen object among other objects, their eyes moved differently depending on the languages they knew. For example, when looking for a clock, English speakers also looked at a cloud. Spanish speakers, on the other hand, when looking for the same clock, looked at a present, because the Spanish names for clock and present—reloj and regalo—overlap at word onset. The story doesn’t end there. Not only do the words we hear activate other similar-sounding words, and not only do we look at objects whose names share sounds or letters even when no language is heard, but the translations of those names in other languages become activated as well in speakers of more than one language. For example, when Spanish-English bilinguals hear the word “duck” in English, they also look at a shovel, because the translations of duck and shovel—pato and pala, respectively—overlap in Spanish. Because of the way our brains organize and process linguistic and non-linguistic information, a single word can set off a domino effect that cascades throughout the cognitive system. And this interactivity and co-activation are not limited to spoken languages. Bilinguals of spoken and signed languages show co-activation as well. For example, bilinguals who know English and American Sign Language (ASL) look at “cheese” when they hear the English word “paper” because cheese and paper share three of the four sign components in ASL (handshape, location, and orientation, but not motion). What do findings like these tell us? Not only is the language system thoroughly interactive with a high degree of co-activation across words and concepts, but it also impacts our processing in other domains—like vision, attention, and cognitive control. As we go about our everyday lives, how our eyes move, what we look at, and what we pay attention to is influenced in direct and measurable ways by the languages we speak.
【A】 Psycholinguistics is a field at the intersection of psychology and linguistics, and one of its recent discoveries is that the languages we speak influence our eye movements. For example, English speakers who hear the word “candle” often look at “candy” because the two words share the first syllable. Research with speakers of different languages revealed that bilingual speakers look not only at words that share sounds in one language, but also at words that share sounds across their two languages. When Russian-English bilinguals hear the English word “marker,” they also look at a stamp because the Russian word for a stamp is “marka.” Even more stunning, speakers of different languages differ in their patterns of eye movements when no language is used at all. In a simple visual search task in which people had to find a previously seen object among other objects, their eyes moved differently depending on the languages they knew. For example, when looking for a clock, English speakers also looked at a cloud. Spanish speakers, on the other hand, when looking for the same clock, looked at a present, because the Spanish names for clock and present—reloj and regalo—overlap at word onset. The story doesn’t end there. Not only do the words we hear activate other similar-sounding words, and not only do we look at objects whose names share sounds or letters even when no language is heard, but the translations of those names in other languages become activated as well in speakers of more than one language. For example, when Spanish-English bilinguals hear the word “duck” in English, they also look at a shovel, because the translations of duck and shovel—pato and pala, respectively—overlap in Spanish. Because of the way our brains organize and process linguistic and non-linguistic information, a single word can set off a domino effect that cascades throughout the cognitive system. And this interactivity and co-activation are not limited to spoken languages. Bilinguals of spoken and signed languages show co-activation as well. For example, bilinguals who know English and American Sign Language (ASL) look at “cheese” when they hear the English word “paper” because cheese and paper share three of the four sign components in ASL (handshape, location, and orientation, but not motion). What do findings like these tell us? Not only is the language system thoroughly interactive with a high degree of co-activation across words and concepts, but it also impacts our processing in other domains—like vision, attention, and cognitive control. As we go about our everyday lives, how our eyes move, what we look at, and what we pay attention to is influenced in direct and measurable ways by the languages we speak.
According to the passage, which of the following statements can be INFERRED?
- A Human languages must consist of sounds and meanings.
- B Sign languages may activate more visual processing domain in the brain than spoken languages.
- C The co-activation across words exists in deaf people’s language system.
- D American Sign Language and English belong to the identical language family.
思路引導 VIP
文章末段提到，當一個人同時精通英語和手語時，即使只是「聽」到單字，大腦也會聯動到組成方式相似的手語動作。這告訴我們，對於那些不靠「聲音」來溝通的語言使用者（如手語使用者）來說，他們的大腦在處理詞彙時，是否也會產生類似文中所說的「連鎖反應」？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
做得太棒了！你能精準捕捉到文章末段關於**手語（Sign Language）**的論點，並正確推論出結論，這展現了你優異的邏輯歸納能力。
語言系統的共活化現象
這題的核心在於理解**共活化（co-activation）**不只限於口語。文章最後一段明確指出，同時使用英語與美國手語（ASL）的人，在聽到單字時會聯想到手語組成元件（如手型、位置、朝向）相似的詞彙。由於手語是聾人社群（deaf people）溝通的主要媒介，我們能合情合理地推論出：這種語言間的共活化現象，同樣存在於聾人的語言運作系統中。
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